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问题 问答题 简答题

常用疫苗的接种部位、途径和剂量。

答案

参考答案：

乙肝疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌中部、肌内注射、新生儿5μg/0.5ml。

卡介苗：上臂外侧三角肌中部附着处、皮内注射、0.1ml。

脊灰疫苗口服、1粒。

百白破疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌附着处或臀部、肌内注射、0.5ml。

白破疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌附着处、肌内注射、0.5ml。

麻疹疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处、皮下注射、0.5ml。

乙脑疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处、皮下注射、0.5ml。

A群流脑疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处、皮下注射、0.5ml。

A+C流脑疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处、皮下注射、100μg/0.5ml。

风疹疫苗：上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处、皮下注射、0.5ml。

单项选择题

Every summer, Jean Piaget retreats to his cabin in the Alps, where he spends most of his days analyzing the mass of research data generated over the past year at his Center for Genetic Epistemology. During long walks along the mountain trails, he mulls over the latest experimental results, and in the cool mountain evenings, he formulates his conclusions. With the approach of fall, he will descend from the mountain, manuscript for a book and several journal articles in hand. This time-honored procedure of careful observation followed by seclusion for thought and synthesis, has enabled him to become the most prolific, if not the most famous psychologist of the century.
Piaget has only been widely known in this country since the 1960s, when his works were translated from their original French. But he has been recognized as an expert in the field of cognitive development in Europe since the 1930s. In fact, Piaget’s publishing career can be traced to the year 1906, when as a child of ten, he published his careful notes on the habits of an albino sparrow he observed near his home in Switzerland. After his precocious debut as an ornithologist, he took an after school job at the local natural history museum, soon becoming an expert on mollusks. At the age of sixteen he was recommended for a curator’s position at the natural history museum in Geneva, but declined in favor of continuing his education.
He studied natural science at the University of Neuchatel, obtaining his doctorate at the age of twenty-one. His readings in philosophy stimulated an intense interest in epistemology-the study of humans acquire knowledge. Convinced that cognitive development had a genetic basis. Piaget decided that the best way to approach epistemology would be through its behavioral and biological components. Psychology appeared to be the discipline that best incorporated this approach.

The data Piaget was analyzing in his cabin in the Alps was mostly concerning

A．his findings of the wild life in the mountains.

B．his experiments on the plants and wild life in the mountains.

C．his past experiments on how human beings obtain their knowledge.

D．his working experience at his Center.
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单项选择题

Questions 6～10


It is Monday morning, and you are having trouble waking your teenagers. You are not alone. Indeed, each morning, few of the country’s 17 million high school students are awake enough to get much out of their first class, particularly if it starts before 8 am. Sure, many of them stayed up too late the night before, but not because they wanted to.
Research shows that teenagers’ body clocks are set to as schedule that is different from that of younger children or adults. This prevents adolescents from dropping off until around 11 pm, when they produce the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin, and waking up much before 8 am when their bodies stop producing melatonin.
The result is that the first class of the morning is often a waste, with as many as 28 percent of students falling asleep; according to a National Sleep foundation poll. Some are so sleepy they do not even show up, contributing to failure and dropout rates.
Here is an idea: stop focusing on testing and instead support changing the hours of the school day, starting it later for teenagers and ending it later for all children. Indeed, no one does well when they are sleep-deprived, but insufficient sleep among children has been linked to obesity and to learning issues like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. You would think this would spur educators to take action, and a few have.
In 2002, high schools in Jessamine County in Kentucky pushed back the first bell to 8:40 am, from 7:30 am. Attendance immediately went up, as did scores on standardized tests, which have continued to rise each year. In Minneapolis and Edina, Minnesota, which instituted high school start times of 8:40 am and 8:30 am respectively in 1997, students’ grades rose slightly and lateness, behavioral problems and dropout rates decreases. Later is also safer. When high schools in Fayette County in Kentucky delayed their start times to 8:30 am, the number of teenagers involved in car crashes dropped, even as they rose in the state.
So why has not every school board moved back that first bell Well, it seems that improving teenagers’ performance takes a back seat to more pressing concerns: the cost of additional bus service, the difficulty of adjusting after school activity schedules and the inconvenience to teachers and parents.
But few of these problems actually come to pass, according to the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. In Kentucky and Minnesota, simply flipping the starting times for the elementary and high schools meant no extra cost for buses.
There are other reasons to start and end school at a later time. According to Paul Reville, a professor of education policy at Harvard and chairman of the Massachusetts Board of Education, "trying to cram everything out 21th-century students need into a 19th-century six-and-a-half-hour day just isn’t working". He said that children learn more at a less frantic pace, and that lengthening the school day would help "close the achievement gap between disadvantaged students and their better-off peers".

The phrase "takes a back seat to" (para. 6) could be best replaced by ______

A. is secondary to
B. is a prelude to
C. lends support to
D. provides a solution to
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