问题 问答题

某公司目前年销售额100万元,变动成本 70万元,全部固定成本和利息费用20万元,平均资产总额60万元,权益乘数1.6,负债的年平均利率8%,所得税税率30%。该公司拟改变经营计划,需要追加投资50万元,从而使该公司每年固定成本增加6万元,年销售额增长20%,并使变动成本率下降至60%。该公司以提高净资产收益率和降低总杠杆系数作为改进经营计划的标准。
要求:
(1)计算目前的净资产收益率、经济杠杆系数、财务杠杆系数和总杠杆系数;
(2)所需资金以追加实收资本取得,计算净资产收益率、经济杠杆系数、财务杠杆系数和总杠杆系数;
(3)所需资金以10%的利率借入,计算净资产收益率、经济杠杆系数、财务杠杆系数和总杠杆系数;
(4)根据以上计算结果,确定该公司应选择哪一方案

答案

参考答案:权益乘数=资产/所有者权益=1.6
资产=1.6×所有者权益
资产负债率=负债/资产
=(资产-所有者权益)/资产
=(1.6×所有者权益-所有者权益)/(1.6×所有者权益)
=0.6/1.6
=37.5%
该公司目前负债总额=60×37.5%=22.5(万元)
目前净资产总额=60-22.5=37.5(万元)
目前负债年利息=22.5×8%=1.8(万元)
该公司目前变动成本率=70/100=70%
目前边际贡献率=1-70%=30%
(1)目前情况:
净资产收益率=(100×30%-20)×(1- 30%)/37.5=18.67%
经营杠杆系数=30/11.8=2.54
财务杠杆系数=11.8/(11.8-1.8)=1.18
总杠杆系数=2.54×1.18=2.997
(2)追加实收资本方案:
净资产收益率=17.6%
经营杠杆系数=48/23.8=2.017
财务杠杆系数=23.8/(23.8-1.8)=1.082
总杠杆系数=2.017×1.082=2.18
(3)借入资金方案:
净资产收益率=31.73%
经营杠杆系数=48/23.8=2.017
财务杠杆系数=23.8/(23.8-1.8-50×10%)=1.4
总杠杆系数=2.017×1.4=2.82
(4)从以上结果可以看出,采用借入资金方案时净资产收益率比目前上升,而总杠杆系数比目前降低,所以应选择借入资金方案的经营方案。

单项选择题
问答题

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