问题 问答题 简答题

慢性肺源性心脏病形成肺动脉高压的发病机制是什么?

答案

参考答案:

慢性肺源性心脏病形成肺动脉高压的发病机制包括:

(1)肺血管阻力增加的功能性因素:①缺氧使收缩血管的活性物质增多,并可直接收缩肺毛细血管平滑肌,是肺动脉高压形成最重要的因素;②高碳酸血症、呼吸性酸中毒导致血管对缺氧收缩敏感性增加。

(2)肺血管阻力增加的解剖学因素:①肺小动脉血管炎,管壁增厚,管腔狭窄、闭塞;②肺泡内压增高,压迫肺毛细血管;③肺泡壁破裂造成毛细血管网毁损,肺循环阻力增加;④肺血管收缩与肺血管重塑;⑤多发性肺微小动脉原位血栓形成。

(3)血容量增多和血液黏稠度增加:①慢性缺氧导致继发性红细胞增多,血液黏稠度增加;②缺氧使醛固酮增多和肾小动脉收缩而血流减少,加重水钠潴留。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

Dear Leis, 

     I read in my magazine that you are looking for a pen pal, so I'm writing to say hello.

My name's Alice Nichols and I'm 16. I live in Hania in Greece, but my family comes from England.

Hania is a beautiful old town near the island of Crete. In summer the town is full of tourists.

     I'm a student at a private school. I've been at the same school for five years now, so I know it very

well. Most of the time I like going to school, but there are some things I can't stand doing-like PE. I

enjoy playing sports, but I don't like doing exercises! My favorite subjects are geography and English.

     I often go to the beach in my free time. I love just sitting around and talking to friends. I'm getting

better at understanding boys, but I hate listening to hours of talk about football. It's just so boring!  

    What's life like in your town? I'd love to hear all about your family and friends. Have you got an

e-mail address? It's easier to keep in touch that way.

     I am looking forward to hearing from you!

     Best wishes!

                                                                                                                                       Alice

1. How old is Alice Nichols?

    ____________________________________________

2. How long has Alice Nichols studied at the private school?

    ____________________________________________

3. What subject does Alice Nichols like best?

    ____________________________________________

4. Does Alice Nichols like listening to hours of talk about football?

    ____________________________________________

5. Do many tourists go to Hania in summer?

    ____________________________________________

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