问题 问答题 简答题

洗胃术

答案

参考答案:

(一)目的

1.解毒。

2.减轻胃黏膜水肿,解除梗阻。

3.为某些手术做准备。

(二)用品

洗胃包、洗胃盆、漏斗洗胃管或粗胃管、压舌板、治疗碗、治疗盘:液状石蜡、弯盘、纸巾、胶布、棉签、治疗巾、橡皮围裙、注射器、量杯、开口器、舌钳、听诊器、检验标本容器。洗胃溶液:生理盐水、温开水等,按需要备10000~20000ml,温度25~38℃。

(三)操作方法

1.插胃管

(1)插胃管方法同上(胃插管术)。

(2)证实在胃内后,即可洗胃。

2.洗胃法

(1)漏斗洗胃法:①将漏斗放置低于胃部的位置,挤压橡皮球,抽尽胃内容物,必要时留标本送检验。②抬高漏斗距口腔30~50cm,徐徐倒入洗胃液300~500ml。当漏斗内尚有少量溶液时,迅速将漏斗倒转并低于胃部水平以下,利用虹吸作用引出胃内液体,使其流入污水桶。如引流不畅时,可挤压橡皮球加压吸引。③胃内溶液流完后,再抬高漏斗注入溶液,如此反复灌洗,直至流出液与灌洗液相同为止。

(2)注洗器或注射器洗胃法:①用注洗器或注射器接洗胃管吸尽胃内容物后,注入洗胃液约200ml;②再抽出弃去,反复冲洗,直至洗净为止。

(3)自动洗胃机洗胃法:①将配好的洗胃液置清洁溶液桶(瓶)内,将洗胃机上的药液管一端放入溶液桶内以下。出水管的一端放入污水桶内,胃管的一端和患者洗胃管相连。调节药量流速。②接通电源后,按"手吸"键,吸出胃内容物,再按"自动"键,机器开始对胃进行自动冲洗,待冲洗干净后,按"停机"键。③洗毕,反折胃管迅速拔出。帮助病人漱口,洗脸,整理用物。

(四)注意事项

1.吞入腐蚀性毒物,新近上消化道出血,食管或贲门狭窄或梗阻,主动脉弓瘤患者,均禁忌洗胃。

2.当中毒物性质不明时,应抽出胃内容物送验,洗胃液可用温开水或等渗盐水,待毒物性质明确后,再采用对抗剂洗胃。

3.每次灌人量不能过多,以300~500ml为限,以避免不良反应出现。

4.洗胃过程中,如有阻碍、疼痛、流出液有较多鲜血或出现休克现象,应立即停止洗胃;洗胃过程中随时观察患者呼吸、血压、脉搏的变化,并做好详细的记录。

(五)质量要求

1.患者体位正确。

2.插胃管时操作熟练、正确。

3.熟练掌握各种洗胃方法。

4.熟悉注意事项。

阅读理解

阅读理解.

     Mark Twain left school when he was twelve. He had little school education. In spite of this,

he became the most famous writer of his time. He made millions of dollars by writing. His real

name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but he is better known all over the world as Mark Twain,

his penname.

     Mark Twain was born in 1835 and he was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not expected

to live through the first winter. But with his mother's care, he managed to survive. As a boy, he

caused much trouble for his parents. He used to play jokes on all his friends and neighbors.

He didn't like to go to school, and he often ran away from home. He always went in the

direction of the nearby Mississippi(密西西比河). He was nearly drowned nine times.

     After his father's death, Mark Twain began to work for a printer, who only provided him

with food and clothing. Then, he worked as a printer, a river-boat pilot and later joined the

army. But shortly after that he became a miner. During this period, he started to write short

stories. Afterwards he became a full time writer.

     In 1870, Mark Twain got married. In the years that followed he wrote many books including

Tom Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famous, and brought him

great fortune.

     Unfortunately, Mark Twain got into debts in bad investments(投资) and he had to write

large numbers of stories to pay these debts. In 1904, his wife died, and then three of his

children passed away.

     At the age of 70, his hair was completely white. He bought many white suits and neckties.

He wore nothing but white from head to foot until his death on April 21, 1910.

1.In his childhood, Mark Twain, ________.

A.learned a lot at school

B.he often went swimming with other boys

C.his mother often worried about his safety

D.he often played games with other boys

2.Which of the following shows the right order about Mark Twain?

a. He became a miner.b. He worked as a printer.

c. He got into debts.d. His father died.

e. He became a full-time writer.F. He joined the army.

A. a-d-b-c-e-f

B. d-b-f-a-e-c

C. d-a-f-e-b-c

D. c-b-d-f-e-a

3.In order to make a living, Mark Twain _______.

A.first worked as a printer

B.did many kinds of work

C.wrote stories in the beginning

D.joined the army after he worked in a mine

4.From the passage we can see that Mark Twain _______.

A.had a happy childhood

B.was a good boy and always did what he was asked

C.was very naughty when he was young

D.lived a pleasant life

5.Before his death, Mark Twain _______.

A. became a white man

B. was in low spirits

C. liked to buy all kinds of clothes

D. had nothing on

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