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手术人员洗手法

答案

参考答案:

(一)准备工作

1.手术前不要参加感染伤口换药。

2.先更换洗手衣、裤、鞋。

3.戴好无菌口罩、帽子。口罩须遮住鼻孔,头发不可飘露在帽外。

4.修剪指甲。用肥皂洗去手、前臂、肘部及上臂下半部之污垢与油脂。

(二)操作方法

1.刷洗手、臂

(1)取无菌刷蘸肥皂冻,按下列顺序彻底、无遗漏地刷洗:先刷指尖,然后刷手、腕、前臂、肘部至上臂下1/2段,特别要刷净甲沟、指间、腕部,刷洗时,双手稍抬高,如此反复刷手3遍,每遍约3min,每遍刷完,用净水冲去肥皂沫,水由手、上臂至肘部淋下、手应放在较高部位,以免臂部的水反流到手。

(2)刷洗毕,用无菌小毛巾依次拭干手、臂。

2.消毒手、臂

(1)乙醇浸泡法:①双手及上臂下1/3伸入70%乙醇内浸泡,同时用小毛巾轻轻擦洗皮肤5min。手不可触碰乙醇桶口。②浸泡毕,拧干小毛巾,揩去手臂乙醇,晾干,双手保持于胸前半伸位。进入手术间穿衣戴手套。不可串走他处。③浸泡的乙醇,定期测比重并过滤,浓度及量不足时应及时补充,用毕加盖。

(2)苯扎溴铵浸泡法:①将手臂浸泡于0.1%苯扎溴铵溶液中,浸泡5min;②浸泡完毕,待晾干手、臂后穿手术衣;③苯扎溴铵溶液使用30~40人次后更换新液;④苯扎溴铵泡手毕,禁与乙醇接触。

(3)氯己定浸泡法:①将手、臂浸泡于0.05%氯己定溶液中,浸泡5min,同时用小毛巾擦洗;②浸泡完毕后,晾干后穿手术衣;③使用30~40人次后更换新液。

(4)碘伏洗刷法:①按本节操作方法里的方法,刷洗手臂3min。②用0.5%碘伏纱布块洗刷手、臂2遍,准备穿手术衣。

(5)灭菌王、4%氯己定洗手液等消毒液洗手方法:基本同碘伏刷手法。

3.接连进行手术时的洗手法

(1)在施行无菌手术后,接连下一次手术时,要更换手术衣、口罩、手套并刷手。刷手法按以下步骤:①先洗去手套上的血渍。②由他人解开衣带,将手术衣向前反转脱下;脱衣袖时,顺带将手套上部反转于手上。③右手伸入左手套反折部之外围中,脱下该手套,左手拿住右手套内面脱去该手套(先脱右手套亦可)。④手未沾染血迹,重刷手、臂3min即可;浸泡消毒后,再穿手术衣,戴手套;手已沾染血渍,应重新彻底刷洗和消毒。

(2)在施行污染手术后,接连下一手术时,亦应重新彻底刷洗和消毒。

(三)注意事项

1.刷洗完手、臂,不可触碰他物,如误碰他物,必须重新刷洗。

2.消毒液要定期更新。

(四)质量要求

1.掌握各种洗手方法。

2.熟悉注意事项。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise.

They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do

need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable

seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive (好斗的) because they are big in size.

In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

     Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make

great pets. They don't need a lot of space, don' t make a lot of noise, and don't eat a lot for their size.

     Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands

only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common.

Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

     Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they' re slim (苗条的)

they don't have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since

they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.

1. The text is written mainly _____.

A. to tell people how to raise greyhounds

B. to let people know more about greyhounds

C. to explain why greyhounds are aggressive

D. to describe greyhounds of different colors

2. It can be inferred that greyhounds _____.

A. love big doghouses

B. like staying in bed all day

C. make the best guard dogs

D. need some exercise outdoors

3. Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A. They are big in size.

B. They live a very long life.

C. They can run races for some time.

D. They are quiet and easy to look after.

4. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important _____.

A. to keep it slim

B. to keep it warm

C. to take special care of its legs

D. to take it to animal doctors regularly

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