阅读《约法三章》一文，完成小题。(14分)

汉元年十月(1)，沛公兵遂先诸侯至霸上(2)。秦王子婴素车白马，系颈以组(3)，封皇帝玺符节，降枳道旁。诸将或言诛秦王。沛公曰：“始怀王(4)遣我固以能宽容且人已服降，又杀之，不祥。”乃以秦王属吏，遂西入咸阳，欲止宫休舍。樊哙、张良谏，乃封秦重宝财物府库，还军霸上，召诸县父老豪杰曰：“父老苦秦苛法久矣，诽谤者族(5)，偶语者弃市(6)。吾与诸侯约，先入关者王之(7)。吾当王关中。与父老约法三章耳：杀人者死，伤人及盗抵罪。余悉除去秦法。诸吏人皆案堵如故(8)。凡吾所以来，为父老除害，非有所侵暴，无恐！吾所以还军霸上，待诸侯至而定约束耳。”乃使人与秦吏行县乡邑，告谕之。秦人大喜，争持牛羊酒食献饷军士。沛公又让不受，曰：“仓粟多，非乏，不欲费人。”人又益喜，唯恐沛公不为秦王。

［注］(1)汉元年：指刘邦被封为汉王后的第一年，即公元前206年。(2)沛公：即汉高祖刘邦。霸上；古地名。(3)组：绳索。(4)怀王：即楚怀王。(5)族：灭族，杀害违犯者及其亲属。(6)偶语：相对私语。弃市：古代在闹市执行死刑，并将尸体暴露在街头，称为弃市。(7)关：指函谷关，古代要塞、天险。(8)吏人：指当时的大、小官员。案堵：同“安堵”，即安定。

小题1:(1)解释下列句中划线的文言字词。(4分)

①诸将或言诛秦王___________   ②父老苦秦苛法久矣______    ___

③诸吏人皆案堵如故___________ ④人又益喜______    _____

(2)下列各句与例句中“以”的用法相同的一项是(2分)

例句：系颈以组

A．不以物喜(《岳阳楼记》)

B．醒能述以文者(《醉翁亭记》 )

C．我以日始出时去人近(《两小儿辩日》)

D．以啮人，无御之者(《捕蛇者说》)小题2:用“/”给文中画线的句子断句(两处)。(2分)

始怀王遣我固以能宽容且人已服降

小题3:把下面的句子译成现代文。(4分)

(1)吾所以还军霸上，待诸侯至而定约束耳。

(2)悍吏之来吾乡，叫嚣乎东西，隳突乎南北。

小题4:楚汉战争，刘邦最终赢得了胜利，请你就此文分析他取得胜利的原因。(2分)

第三部分：阅读理解

第一节（共18小题；每小题2分，满分36分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called Beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.

At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused Beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.

Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.

41. The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.

A. a medical treatment              B. a kind of vitamin

C. a kind of germ                  D. a kind of rice

42. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.

A. spend his holiday

B. find ways to grow better crops

C. do some research about the island

D. help the Javanese with their illness

43. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?

A. To eat them.                   B. To carry out his experiments.

C. To give the Javanese a surprise.    D. To make money by selling them.

44. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ____.

A. eat more rice                   B. eat more meat

C. eat some chicken                D. eat vitamin pills

45. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. Beri was caused by chickens

B. the Javanese didn’t like vitamins

C. Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful

D. the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ