问题 单项选择题

桥的运动


桥是种固定建筑物,一经造成,便屹立大地,可以千载不移,把它当做地面标志,应当是再准确不过的。《史记·苏秦列传》里有段故事:“尾生(人名)与女子期于梁下,女子不来,水至不去,抱柱而死。”他们所以约定在桥下相会,就因为桥是不会动的,但是,这里所谓不动,是指大动而言,至于小动、微动,它却和万物一样,是持续不断、分秒不停的。
车在桥上过,它的重量就使桥身变形,从平直的桥身变为弯曲的桥身,就同人坐在板凳上,把板凳坐弯一样。板凳的腿,因为板的压迫,也要变形,如果这腿是有弹簧的,就可看出,这腿是被压短了。桥身的两头是桥墩,桥上不断行车,桥墩就像板凳腿一样,也要被压短而变形。把板凳放在泥土上,坐上人,板凳腿就把人的重量传到泥土中.使泥土发生变形。桥墩也同样使下面的基础变形。桥身的变形表示桥上的重量传递给桥墩了,桥墩的变形表示桥身上的重量传递给基础了,基础的变形表示桥墩上的重量传递给桥下的土地了。通过桥身、桥墩和基础的变形,桥上的一切重量就都逐层传递,最后到达桥下的土地中,桥上的重量终为地下的抵抗所平衡。物体所以能变形,是由于内部分子的位置有变动,也就是由于分子的运动。
车在桥上高速行驶时,使桥梁整体发生震动。此外,桥还受气候变化的侵袭。在狂风暴雨中,桥是要摆动或扭动的;就是在冷暖不均、温度有升降时,桥也要伸缩,形成蠕动。桥墩在水中,经常受水流的压迫和风浪的打击,就有摇动、转动和滑动的倾向而在地基内发生移动。此外,遇到地震,全桥还会受到水平方向和由下而上的推动。所有以上种种的动而引起的桥的变形,加上桥上重量和桥本身重量所引起的变形,构成全桥各部的总变形。任何一点的变形,就是那里的分子运动的综合表现。
桥是固定建筑物,所谓固定就是不在空间有走动,不像车船能行走。但是,天地间没有完全固定的东西,桥的平衡只能是瞬间现象,它仍是桥的运动的一种特殊状态。桥的运动是桥的存在形式。

下列不属于桥的运动形态的一项是______。

A.桥身变形
B.桥墩变短
C.桥基变形
D.桥重改变

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 桥的重量只是发生传递,并未发生改变。

单项选择题 A2型题
阅读理解

Beer and fried chicken — Thanks to a South Korean drama currently on air, Man From the Stars, this new mix-and-match junk food trend has become popular among young audiences, despite its unhealthy nature. Indeed, South Korean TV dramas, or K-drama for short, have been a major force in the South Korean pop-culture wave that has captured the hearts of young Chinese audiences. According to iQiyi, a video website that features Man From the Stars, by Feb 15, the number of views for the TV drama hit 370 million in China.

“It is interesting to explore what elements of those dramas appeal to audiences. It’s obviously more than just pretty faces,” says Yan Feng, a professor of Chinese literature at Fudan University. Reflected by audiences, culture critics and insiders of the industry, youth fantasy, creative storylines, cultural proximity, and well-organized production all add up to K-drama’s success, along with, of course, those handsome and cute faces dressed in the latest fashion trends.

“Everyone fancies a perfect partner, handsome or beautiful,” says Zhou Ying, a professor at Chongqing Technology and Business University. “The South Korean TV industry is feeding this need.” After Lee Min-ho appeared on CCTV’s annual Spring Festival gala, he became the most famous South Korean in China. Only weeks later, Kim Soo-hyun, lead actor in Man From the Stars, swept the country. Apart from pretty faces, fashion is another highlight of the series. Each time actors from the series wear a new set of outfits, similar clothes experience a sales boom online, according to Xiao Yi, a Taobao store owner.

As is known, with love triangles, incurable diseases, and Cinderella tales, storylines in South Korean dramas may seem a bit commonplace. While The Man From the Stars challenges this by putting aliens and time travel into these existing stories, Peng Sanyuan, a screenwriter, says a focus on detail is a key factor in the success of these dramas. “In order to accurately target audiences and find emotional reflections with them, more and more female writers are working in the industry,” says Peng about her experience of exchanging ideas with South Korean colleagues. According the experts, South Korean writers somehow make sense of these plots, no matter how unlikely it seems.

小题1:Why has beer and fried chicken become so popular among Chinese young people at present?

A.Because the food tastes very great.

B.Because they want to change the trend.

C.Because the food is good for their health.

D.Because they are deeply affected by the Korean TV drama.小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “proximity” in paragraph 2?

A.similarity

B.difference

C.conflict

D.curiosity小题3:According to the whole passage, how many elements can lead to the appeal of Korean dramas?

A.Two

B.Four

C.Six

D.Seven小题4:After reading the third paragraph, which of the following is right?

A.Lee Min-ho is the lead actor in Man From the Stars.

B.Kim Soo-hyun appeared on CCTV’s annual Spring Festival gala

C.The similar clothes worn by the Korean actors become very hot online.

D.Everyone has a perfect partner, who is handsome or beautiful.小题5:What makes Man From the Stars different from other K-dramas according to the last paragraph?

A.Female writers

B.Creative stories

C.Pretty faces

D.Fashionable clothes