问题 问答题

人格结构包含了哪些成分人格的核心成分是什么

答案

参考答案:人格是一个复杂的结构系统,它包括许多成分,其中主要包括气质、性格、认知风格、自我调控等方面。人格的核心成分是性格。
(1)气质与性格
气质是表现在心理活动的强度、速度、灵活性与指向性等方面的一种稳定的心理特征,即我们平时所说的脾气、秉性。气质是人的天性,无好坏之分。它只给人们的言行涂上某种色彩,但不能决定人的社会价值,也不直接具有社会道德评价含义。
性格是一种与社会相关最密切的人格特征,在性格中包含有许多社会道德含义。性格表现了人们对现实和周围世界的态度,并表现在他的行为举止中。性格主要体现在对自己、对别人、对事物的态度和所采取的言行上。性格是在后天社会环境中逐渐形成的,是人的最核心的人格差异。性格有好、坏之分,能最直接地反映出一个人的道德风貌。性格是在社会生活中逐渐形成的,同时也受个体的生物学因素的影响。
(2)自我调控系统
自我调控系统是人格中的内控系统或自控系统,具有自我认知、自我体验、自我控制三个子系统。其作用是对人格的各种成分进行调控,保证人格的完整、统一与和谐。自我认知是对自己的洞察和理解,包括自我观察和自我评价。自我观察是指对自己的感知、思想和意向等方面的觉察;自我评价是指对自己的想法、期望、行为及人格特征的判断与评估,这是自我调节的重要条件。自我体验是伴随自我认识而产生的内心体验,是自我意识在情感上的表现。自我控制是自我意识在行为上的表现,是实现自我意识调节的最后环节。

阅读理解

Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.

A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸人)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.

Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water.

What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.

Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the locals climatem, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care.

Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.

小题1:Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?

A.They can keep the rain and storm water.

B.They can help reduce the pollution problem.

C.They can be healthy for the people around.

D.They can make the environment more beautiful.小题2:One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that           .

A.they cost less and are much easier to get

B.they may attract local wildlife to come

C.they require little care from the local gardeners

D.they are more used to the local growing conditions小题3:What do we know about rain gardens?

A.They need little water after all the plants are planted.

B.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.

C.They may attract local birds and change the locals climate.

D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.小题4:Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A.Homeowners.

B.Governors.

C.Engineers,

D.Educators.

单项选择题 A1型题