问题 问答题

论述合理配置资源的必要性。

答案

参考答案:在任何既定的社会生产力水平条件下,社会生产要素资源都是经济活动中不可缺少的,同时在数量上又是有限的。由于社会经济资源总是具有稀缺性,投入到某种产品生产的资源增加,就意味着投入到其他产品生产的资源减少,因而任何社会都存在着如何合理地分配社会生产要素的问题。人们需要对既定的人力、物力、财力在各种可能的生产用途之间作出选择,以保证稀缺的资源用于生产消费者最需要的产品组合,分配给生产效率最高的生产者,获得最优的效率。所谓资源配置就是在全社会范围内把经济资源按比例分配到各个部门和地区,使各种生产要素合理而有效地组合,以保持社会经济均衡和快速地发展,获得最大的社会产出。马克思精辟地指出:“这种按一定比例分配社会劳动的必要性,绝不可能被社会生产的一定形式所取消,而可能改变的只是它的表现方式,这是不言而喻的。自然规律是根本不能取消的。在不同的历史条件下能够发生变化的,只是这些规律借以实现的形式。”马克思在这里讲的社会劳动的按比例分配,本质上就是合理而有效地配置社会经济资源的问题。这里讲的表现方式就是对社会经济资源合理而有效配置的形式或手段。
一个社会做到人尽其才、地尽其力、物尽其用,就实现了资源的合理配置,社会生产就会与社会需要相适应,从而达到消费者、企业及社会利益的最大满足。反之,一个社会的人力、物力、财力处于闲置状态,就被看作资源配置失当,社会生产结构由于与社会需要结构不相适应而发生脱节,就会造成社会资源的浪费,社会需要就难以得到满足,社会再生产运动就会遇到困难,甚至使某些环节出现中断。因此,充分利用有限的社会生产要素资源,避免人力、物力、财力的闲置浪费,是任何社会经济活动的中心问题,是一切社会生产共同的要求。
按一定比例配置社会经济资源是人类社会共有的经济规律,在任何历史条件下都会存在并发生作用,但这并不意味着不同的社会历史发展阶段,这一规律借以实现的形式是一样的。按一定比例配置社会经济资源的方式,会随着社会历史条件的变化有所不同,它既可以借助价格机制、供求机制和竞争机制的作用,通过市场来实现,也可以运用政府的力量,通过人们预先制订计划直接分配社会经济资源来实现。

阅读理解

Napping(小睡) after learning something new could help improve your memory--- as long as you dream, scientists say.

They found people who dream about a new task do it better on waking than those who do not sleep or do not dream.

Volunteers were asked to learn the layout(布局,设计) of a 3D computer maze(迷宫) so they could find their way several hours later. Those allowed to take a pap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker.

The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious(无意识的) parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task..

Dr. Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School, said dreams may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem at many levels.

Study tips

Co-author Dr. Erin Wamsley said the study suggests our non-conscious brain works on the things that it deem(认为) are the most important.

“Every day we are gathering lots of information and new experiences,” she said. “It would seem that our dreams are asking the question, “How do I use this information to inform(影响) my life?”

The scientists say there may be ways to use this phenomenon(现象) for improving learning and memory. For example, students might be better studying hard before bedtime, or taking a nap after a period of afternoon study.

小题1: Scientists say ______ could help improve your memory.

A.dream

B.nap

C.nap and dream

D.nap without dream小题2: What were volunteers asked to do?

A.Take a nap.

B.Dream a task.

C.Learn about 3D computer.

D.Find their way out of a maze.小题3:Which is right about dreams?

A.They are a sign that parts of the brain is unconscious.

B.They can help us fall asleep and improve learning and memory.

C.They tell us how to use this information to inform our life.

D.They may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem.小题4:When is the best time for study?

A.Before bedtime.

B.After bedtime.

C.Before taking a nap.

D.In the afternoon.

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