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问题 单项选择题

马太效应，指社会对已经出名（得到社会承认）的人才，给予愈来愈多，而对不出名的人才，则连应该给予的也不给予的现象。

下列不属于马太效应的是（）。

A．社会对已经成名的科学家，不断地加给他们各种头衔、名誉和各种优厚待遇

B．某科学院院士成名后仍刻苦求进，不断攻克科学难题，获得很大成功

C．许多科学家没有成名以前，论文无处发表、成果无人承认，甚至生活无所着落

D．当一个知名教授与一个学生争执不下时，人们总是相信教授是对的

答案

参考答案：B

单项选择题

下列项目中，按照规定可以免征个人所得税的是( )。

A．个人转让以股份形式取得的拥有所有权的企业量化资产

B．个人取得的 * * 票中奖收入5000元

C．在校学生因参与勤工俭学活动而取得的劳务收入1000元

D．纳税人转让股权
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填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.
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