问题 问答题

工业上常用氨氧化法生产硝酸,其过程包括氨的催化氧化(催化剂为铂铑合金丝网)、一氧化氮的氧化和水吸收二氧化氮生成硝酸.请回答下列问题:

(1)氨催化氧化的化学方程式为______:

(2)原料气中空气必须过量,其主要原因是______;

(3)将铂铑合金做成薄丝网的主要原因是______;

(4)水吸收二氧化氮生成硝酸为放热反应,其化学方程式为______,为了提高水对二氧化氮的吸收率,可采取的措施为______(答2项)

答案

(1)氨催化氧化的产物是一氧化氮和水,是工业生产硝酸获得一氧化氮的一步反应,化学方程式为4NH3+5O2

催化剂
.
高温高压
4NO+6H2O,故答案为:4NH3+5O2
催化剂
.
高温高压
4NO+6H2O;

(2)根据化学平衡移动原理:增加原料气中空气的量,即加大了氧气的量可以使平衡向右移动,提高氨的转化率和一氧化氮的生成率,故答案为:提高氨的转化率和一氧化氮的生成率;

(3)在氨催化氧化时,将铂铑合金做成薄丝网,可以增大单位质量的催化剂与反应物的接触面积,让反应更充分,故答案为:增大单位质量的催化剂与反应物的接触面积;

(4)水吸收二氧化氮生成硝酸的反应为3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO,该反应放热,可以使平衡向右移动的方法是:加压、降温或及时把生成的硝酸移走,故答案为:加压、降温 (及时移走生成的硝酸).

口语交际,情景问答题
阅读理解

Steven Jobs, the designer of Apple Computer, was not clever when he was in school. At that time, he was not a good student and he always made troubles with his schoolmates. When he went into college, he didn’t change a lot. Then he dropped out(退学). But he was full of new ideas.

After he left college, Steven Jobs worked as a video game designer. He worked there for only several months and then he went to India. He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in his life.

Steven Jobs lived on a farm in California for a year after he returned from India.

In 1975, he began to make a new type of computer. He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage. He chose the name “Apple” just because it could help him to remember a happy summer he once spent in an apple tree garden.

His Apple Computer was so successful that Steven Jobs soon became famous all over the world.

He often said, “I live in order to change the world, there aren’t any other reasons. The only way to have a great achievement is to love your own career. If you can’t find your favorite career, go on looking for it and never give up.”

This is Steven Jobs, though he is dead, his spirit and achievements still influence our lives.

小题1:Steven Jobs was not a good student in school because he ________.

A.never did his lessons

B.dropped out

C.always made troubles with his schoolmates

D.he was full of new ideas小题2:Why did Steven Jobs go to India?

A.Because he wanted to be a video game designer.

B.Because he wanted to get some new ideas.

C.Because he wanted to make a new type of computer. 

D.Because he wanted to have a happy summer.小题3:Steven Jobs was famous for his ________ all over the world.

A.new ideas  

B.Apple Computer  

C.video games

D.saying小题4:From this passage we know Steven Jobs ________.

A.didn’t finish his studies in the college because he hated his schoolmates

B.liked traveling in India and California

C.liked trying new things and making his new ideas come true

D.thought he had many reasons to live in the world小题5:Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to this passage?

A.The only way to have a great achievement is to love your career.

B.The name “Apple” helped Jobs to remember a happy summer in an apple tree garden.

C.If you can’t find the career you love, give it up and try another one.

D.People remember Jobs because of his achievements.