问题 单项选择题

Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientists used to think that man are different from animals because they can think and learn. They know now that animals--dogs, rats and birds--can learn. So scientists are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cannot speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or hungry. or unhappy. Apes are our nearest cousins. They can understand some things mole quickly than human beings, and one or two have learned a few words. But they are still different from us. They cannot join words and make sentences. They cannot think like us because they have no language. They can never think about the past or the future. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to develop civilization because he has language. Every child can. speak his own language vet well when he is four or five--but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn Scientists do not really know. What happens when we speak Scientists do not know. They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain.

The passage tells us that man can speak because ()

A.he can read and write

B.he is different from animals

C.he can learn and think

D.he has a big brain

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

本题询问人类能够说话是因为什么。根据原文可知.人类能够说话是因为有大脑,故选D。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成14—17题。

南宋时,金国的作者就嫌宋诗“衰于前古……遂鄙薄而不道”,连他们里面都有人觉得“不已甚乎”!从此以后,宋诗也颇尝过世态炎凉或者市价涨落的滋味。在明代,苏平认为宋人的近体诗只有一首可取,而那一首还有毛病,李攀龙甚至在一部从商周直到本朝诗歌的选本里,把明诗直接唐诗,宋诗半个字也插不进。在晚清“同光体”提倡宋诗,尤其推尊江西派,宋代诗人就此身价十倍,黄庭坚的诗集卖过十两银子一部的辣价钱。这些旧事不必多提,不过它们包含一个教训,使我们明白:批评该有分寸,不要失掉了适当的比例感。假如宋诗不好,就不用选它,但是选了宋诗并不等于有义务或者权利来把它说成顶好、顶顶好,无双第一,模仿旧社会里商店登广告的方法,害得文学批评里数得清的几个赞美字眼儿加班兼职,力竭声嘶的赶任务。整个来说,宋诗的成就在元诗、明诗之上,也超过了清诗。我们可以夸奖这个成就,但是无须夸张、夸大它。

据说古希腊的亚历山大大帝在东宫的时候,每听到他父王在外国打胜仗的消息,就要发怒,生怕全世界都被他老子征服了,自己这样一位英雄将来没有用武之地。紧跟着伟大的诗歌创作时代而起来的诗人准有类似的感想。当然,诗歌的世界是无边无际的,不过,前人占领的疆域愈广,继承者要开拓版图,就得配备更大的人力物力,出征得愈加辽远,否则他至多是个守成之主,不能算光大前业之君。所以,前代诗歌的造诣不但是传给后人的产业,而在某种意义上也可以说向后人挑衅,挑他们来比赛,试试他们能不能后来居上,打破纪录,或者异曲同工、别开生面。假如后人没出息,接受不了这种挑衅,那么这笔遗产很容易贻祸子孙,养成了好榜样,宋代诗人就学了乖,会在技巧和语言方面精益求精;同时,有了这个好榜样,他们也偷起懒来,放纵了模仿和依赖的惰性,瞧不起宋诗的明人说它学唐诗而不像唐诗,这句话并不错,只是他们不懂这一点不像之处恰恰就是宋诗的创造性和价值所在。

明人学唐诗是学得来惟肖而不惟妙,像唐诗而又不是唐诗,缺乏个性,没有新意,因此博得“瞎盛唐诗”、“赝品”、“优孟衣冠”等等绰号。宋人能够把唐人修筑的道路延长了,疏凿的河流加深了,可是不曾冒险开荒,没有去发现新天地。用宋代文学批评的术语来说,凭借了唐诗,宋代作者在诗歌的“小结果”方面有了很多发明和成功的尝试,譬如某一个意思写得比唐人透彻,某一个字眼或句法从唐人那里来而比他们工稳,然而在“大判断”或者艺术的整个方向上没有什么特著的转变,风格和意境虽不寄生在杜甫、韩愈、白居易或贾岛、姚合等人的身上,总多多少少落在他们的势力圈里。

(节选自钱钟书《宋诗选注·序》)

14、文章第一段“它们包含一个教训”一句中“它们”指代什么,请你以时代为序,概括出三点。(6分)

答:(1)                                                                   

 

(2)                                                                                    

(3)                                                                    

15、“从此以后,宋诗也颇尝过世态炎凉或者市价涨落的滋味”一句说出了后人对宋诗的态度,请用自己的话简要概括。(不超过20个字)(4分)

16、作者引用古希腊亚历山大大帝的典故作论据旨在证明的问题是什么?(用自己的话概括,不超过30字)(4分)

17、“宋人能够把唐人修筑的道路延长了,疏凿的河流加深了”一句的具体含义是什么?(4分)

答:                                                                          

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