问题 单项选择题

Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

Time is not very important in non-industrial societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such non-industrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar, but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other events. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of "sleeps" or longer periods in terms of "moons". Some cultures, such as ,the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.

Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of "telling time". For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

In contrast, exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently(well, quickly and without waste), for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

Which of the following might be the best title for this passage().

A. Time and Culture

B. The Measurement of Time

C. Time Schedule and Daily Life

D. Clock, Calendar and Society

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

主旨题。第1段最后一句话是本文的主题句。从这一句和整篇文章的内容可知此题答案。故选A。

材料题

  历史如果失去了有血有肉的人和他们的活动,就不成其为历史。阅读下面材料:

  材料一:这是一位人生道路崎岖曲折的人,在历经“三起三落”的磨难后,仍幽默地说:“如果对政治上东山再起的人设立奥林匹克奖的话,我很有资格获得该奖的金牌。”面对祖国十年浩劫、国民经济损失约5000亿元,人民生活水平长期在低水平线上徘徊的现状,他毅然以其睿智,坚定不移地改革。

  材料二:这是一位双腿瘫痪,只能以轮椅代步的人。面对祖国“工业企业尽成枯枝残叶”、“千万个家庭的多年积蓄毁于一旦”等“大萧条”现状,受命于危难之际的他,一方面用“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.(真正让我们感到恐惧的只是‘恐惧’本身)”来鼓励人民恢复自信心,战胜恐惧,另一方面坚定地对“这个国家进行大胆的、坚持不懈的试验。”

   材料三:这是一位在20世纪初期打破资本主义一统天下时代的巨人。他依靠人民大众的力量建立和巩固了一个全新的国家。面对战时 * * 主义政策的弊端,他毅然在1921年调整了国家的经济政策,促进了国民经济的恢复和发展。

  请回答:

(1)材料中的三位历史人物面对国家发展现状,“毅然以其睿智,坚定不移地改革”、“坚定地对这个国家进行大胆的、坚持不懈的试验”、“毅然在1921年调整了国家的经济政策”分别指的是哪一历史事件?你认为他们在治国智慧方面最突出的相似之处是什么?

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(2)材料二中“试验”的中心措施是什么?为了推进这项措施的推进,政府颁布了一项重要的法律文献是什么?

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(3)材料一和材料三反映的历史事件最终结果怎么样?它给我们那些启示?

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单项选择题