问题 解答题

初一四位同学在做“馒头在口腔中的变化”的实验时,采用了不同的方法,具体如下:

1号试管:加入的是馒头碎屑和2毫升唾液,并充分搅拌;

2号试管:加入的是馒头碎屑和2毫升清水,并充分搅拌;

3号试管:加入的是馒头块和2毫升唾液,但不搅拌;

4号试管:加入的是馒头碎屑和2毫升唾液,也不搅拌.

他们最后都将试管放入37℃的温水中保温10分钟,取出冷却后分别加入2滴碘液,摇匀后观察试管中的颜色变化.请问:

(1)1号管模拟了口腔中牙齿、舌和唾液的作用,其他试管是1号管的对照实验,其他三个对照实验中,______号管有不妥之处,应该做怎样的修改?______.

(2)实验结果中,没有变蓝的试管编号是______,原因是淀粉在______的作用下变成了______.

(3)4号试管的实验结果可以说明______对食物消化的促进作用.

答案

(1)第3种处理是将馒头块与清水放入试管中不搅拌,这与第一种处理形成的对照实验会存在多个变量,跟其它任何一种处理方法也不会形成对照实验,因此第3种处理方法没有必要. 
(2)1号试管中的馒头碎屑与唾液充分混合,在唾液淀粉酶的作用下,淀粉转化成了麦芽糖,遇碘不变蓝.2号试管中没有唾液,清水中不含任何消化酶,淀粉不会发生变化.3号试管馒头块与唾液的接触面积小,只有一部分淀粉发生了消化;因此,滴加碘液后,2、3号试管会变蓝.
(3)4号试管的实验结果可以说明  胃肠的蠕动 对食物消化的促进作用,牙齿的咀嚼可以把食物磨碎,从而可以减轻胃肠的负担,舌的搅拌和胃肠的蠕动属于物理消化,可以使食物与消化液充分的混合,从而增大与消化酶的接触面积,可以更好地进行化学消化. 
故答案为:
(1)3;加入的是馒头块和2毫升唾液,并充分搅拌  
(2)1;  唾液淀粉酶;麦芽糖 
(3)牙齿的咀嚼、舌的搅拌

阅读理解

Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends.They believe that their family members, especially their parents.Don’t know them as well as their friends do.In large families.it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice.

It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or many friends.Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone.This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.

However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them.Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one.Have you ever thought of the following questions?

Who choose your friends?

Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?

Have you got good friend your parents don’t like?

小题1:Many teenagers think their            know them better than their parents do.

A.friends

B.teachers

C.brothers and sisters

D.classmates小题2:When teenagers stay alone,the usual way of communication is to              ,

A.go to their friends.

B.talk with their parents

C.have a d discussion with their family

D.talk with their friends on the phone小题3:The passage suggests(暗示)that         

A.Parents cannot choose friends for their children successfully.

B.Perhaps some children’s friends are chosen by their parents.

C.Children won’t let their parents choose friends for them.

D.Parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them.

判断题