问题 综合

随着社会经济的发展,人们对能源的需求量越来越大。充分发挥地区优势,加强区域联系,保护生态,是实现区域可持续发展的重要保证。左下图是俄罗斯贝加尔湖构造断面图,右下图是中俄石油运输管道线路示意图。

小题1:据图说明贝加尔湖的成因。

小题2:中俄石油运输管道原计划为①线,几经变动最后确定为②线。与②线相比,①线对贝加尔湖区的生态环境有那些潜在的威胁?

小题3:湿地被称为“地球之肾”。A地有全国面积最大的沼泽湿地,但是60多年来,湿地的面积锐减四分之三。你认为湿地锐减的主要原因是什么?保护的措施是什么?

小题4:图是A地所在省四种主要农产品近十年来的变化趋势图。据图描述A地所在省的四种主要农产品产量十年来的变化特点。根据该省自然条件分析在某些年份农产品减产的原因。

小题5:2003年,大庆原油产量在高产稳产27年后,首次调减到5000万吨以下,降至4840万吨。据国土资源部最新统计,占全国石油年产量50%的大庆油田,可采储量只剩下30%,到2020年的年产量只能维持在2000万吨左右,开采成本也将大幅度提高。作为一个经济结构单一的城市,大庆的石油产业在大庆市国民生产总值中的比重一直在80%以上。结合所学知识,简要说明大庆市可持续发展的主要途径。

答案

小题1:地壳运动形成断层,两条断层之间的岩体下降形成构造湖盆,积水成湖。

小题2:①线距离贝加尔湖近,在施工过程中易造成生态破坏;①线穿过贝加尔湖南侧的支流,一旦石油泄漏会造成湖区污染。

小题3:排干沼泽开垦湿地。制定生态保护计划,建立自然生态保护区;停止开发荒地,有计划地退更换湿地、还林还草。

小题4:水稻和玉米产量增长较快,大豆和小麦产量变化较小。纬度较高,易受低温冻害影响;温带季风气候,降水的年际和季节变率大,某些年份干旱或洪涝导致农业减产。

小题5:增加科技投入,加快石化工业升级,延长产业链;调整经济结构发展新兴产业和第三产业,发展观光旅游业;保护生态环境;进口加工俄罗斯石油。

题目分析:

小题1:根据图示分析:贝加尔湖是地壳运动形成断层,两条断层之间的岩体下降形成构造湖盆,积水成湖。

小题2:①线对贝加尔湖区的生态环境潜在的威胁有①线距离贝加尔湖近,在施工过程中易造成生态破坏;①线穿过贝加尔湖南侧的支流,一旦石油泄漏会造成湖区污染。

小题3:湿地锐减的主要原因是排干沼泽开垦湿地。保护措施是:制定生态保护计划,建立自然生态保护区;停止开发荒地,有计划地退更换湿地、还林还草。

小题4:四种主要农产品产量十年来的变化特点:水稻和玉米产量增长较快,大豆和小麦产量变化较小。某些年份农产品减产的原因:纬度较高,易受低温冻害影响;温带季风气候,降水的年际和季节变率大,某些年份干旱或洪涝导致农业减产。

小题5:大庆市可持续发展的主要途径:增加科技投入,加快石化工业升级,延长产业链;调整经济结构发展新兴产业和第三产业,发展观光旅游业;保护生态环境;进口加工俄罗斯石油。

点评:本题文字叙述较多,需要较强的语言组织能力,平时的答题注意这方面能力的培养。

选择题
阅读理解

It all began with a stop at a red light.

Kevin Salwen was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006 . While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes Coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.

“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal.”Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered (纠缠)her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.

“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”

Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the proceeds to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.

Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project —crazy, impetuous (鲁莽的) and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.

At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, it described neurological evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction. The Salwens’ experience confirms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.

Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.

小题1:The best title for the passage should be “______”.

A.The Less, the Better

B.An Expected Satisfaction

C.Something We Can Live Without

D.Somewhat Crazy but Inspiring小题2:What does the underlined word “inequity” most probably mean in Paragraph 3?

A.Unfairness.

B.Satisfaction.

C.Personal attitude.

D.Reasonable statement.小题3: What does the underlined sentence “Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager.” means? ______

A.Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager.

B.Unless a child is realistic, never give an answer immediately.

C.Give an answer if the child is reasonable.

D.Don’t respond to a child's demands firmly without consideration.小题4: What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.The Salwens regretted selling their house.

B.The relationship between the family members of the Salwens is much closer.

C.Small houses can bring happiness.

D.The Salwens intend to buy another big house.小题5:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Mercedes Coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap.

B.Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.

C.Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.

D.The writer’s children asked him to sell their house.