问题 综合

(30分)根据图文材料,结合所学知识,冋答下列问题。被称为安徽省内“南水北调”的“引江济淮”工程,已列入全国水利发展“十二五”规划。总投资约2 6 0亿元,工程线路的总方向是从长江入巢湖,在巢湖西岸上岗,穿越江淮分水岭,经瓦埠湖入淮河.输水干线全长3 3 O千米(如图15所示),多年平均引江济淮水量约1 0亿立方米,将大大缓解沿淮及淮北地区与豫东和鲁西南地区水资源紧缺矛盾,是一项集水利.环保与航运的综合性工裎。

(1) 简述“引江济淮"工程对淮北平原小麦生产的意义。(6分)

(2) 分析该工程对沿途河湖及城市生态的有利影响。、(8 分)

(3) 综述该工程对我省交通、煤炭、冶金工业发展的作用。(16分)

答案

(1)冬小麦春季需水量大,(2分)但淮北平原此时水资源短缺(降水少、蒸发量大),春旱对冬小麦生长威胁很大。(2分)“引江济淮”工程实施后能有效补充灌溉用水,确保小麦丰收。(2分)

(2)对河湖:补充水量、稀释污染、净化水质、利于水生生物生长。(4分)

对城市:补充水源、改善水质、保障供水;减少地下水开采量,防止地面下沉,提高城市生态环境质量。(4分)

(3)对交通:沟通长江、淮河,形成南北向水上大通道(结束我省江淮之间的水运必须绕道京杭大运河的历史),(2分)缩短运输里程,降低运输成本,(2分)减轻铁路运输等陆路交通的压力。(2分)

对煤炭工业:给“两淮”煤矿提供足够的工业用水,(2分)促进煤—焦—化(炼焦、煤化工),煤—电(火电)等工业的发展,(2分)有利于“两淮”煤炭南运。(2分)

对冶金工业:由于“两淮”的煤炭运量增加、运费降低,(2分)为马鞍山钢铁工业和铜陵有色冶金工业提供充足的能源。(2分)

“引江济淮"工程可以解决淮北春旱灾情,使小麦丰收。该工程可以给沿途河湖补充水量、稀释污染、净化水质、利于水生生物生长;同时解决沿途城市的水资源不足问题,改善城市水质等。该工程的建设沟通了长江、淮河,形成南北向水上大通道,减轻铁路运输等陆路交通的压力;给“两淮”煤矿提供足够的工业用水,促进煤炭的深加工;有利于“两淮”煤炭南运,为马鞍山钢铁工业和铜陵有色冶金工业提供充足的能源。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce

remarkable pictures. Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned

creatures are opening up vistas (远景) by taking cameras where no human can go.

     This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by

the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all.

     Since its debut (首次公开露面) in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices

developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful.

     "It's more than just a camera now," said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who

invented the Crittercam."We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time

The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr. Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark

apporoached him. When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly. He

came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the

shark's behavior without disturbing it.

     Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land

animals.

     Birds are a new addition, Mr.Marshall said. Dr. Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras

called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific. It has discovered that crows are smarter than

anyone knew they not only use twigs (嫩枝) and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their

favorite tools to use again.

     Tracey L.Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam

was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals (豹斑海豹) in Antarctica. "In studying animals," Dr.

Rogers said at the meeting,"you want to see how our animal models align (与……一致) with reality. With a

camera, you actually see what they do. You don't have to guess."

1. What's the text mainly about?

A. The advantages of crittercam.

B. The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years.

C. How crittercam was invented.

D. How crittercam works.

2. What inspired Marshall to invent crittercam?

A. The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive.

B. The thought of how to photograph animals better.

C. Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive.

D. Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive.

3. According to Dr. Rogers, crittercam ____.

A. can clear up all your doubts about animals

B. is the most powerful tool in studying animals

C. enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely

D. helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica

4. All of the following are improvements of crittercams EXCEPT that ____.

A. the size is becoming smaller

B. more instruments are involved to gather more data

C. they allow researchers to see where and how animals live

D. they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds