问题 问答题 论述题

举例说明公文的格式与内容。

答案

参考答案:

公文的内容:文头、主体文、文尾

(1)文头:包括发文机关、公文编号,文头位于文件首页上端,故又叫版头。发文机关要写全称或通用的简称,后加“文件”,如国务院文件公文编号有机关代号、年号、序号三部分组成缺一不可。如:“国发[1993]5号”。几个机关联合发文,只编主办单位的发文号,公文编号位于文件名称的正下方(字体相同)

(2)主体文:包括标题,主送机关,正文,附件。标题是文件的眉头,位于正文上端,完整的标题应有发文件关,事由和公文种类三部分组成,如机密文件应在标题前左上侧标明密级。主送机关是文件的接受者,其位置一般在文件标题的左下方,顶格书写,正文在主送机关之后另一行空两个格书写。附件:位于正文之后,发文机关之前的左上方退两个写上“附件”并注明所附文件的全称。件数与形式。

(3)文尾:包括落款,抄报抄送机关,印制情况。落款要标明发文机关、日期、加盖公章、日期要写全年月日,并要写汉字,不得写阿拉伯数字,盖章是公文生效的标志,要盖在发文机关和年月日中间。“齐年盖章”落款位于附件的右下方。抄报机关是需要了解这份文件内容的上级机关。抄送机关是需要了解这份文件内容的平行部门或下级机关。抄送、抄报的位置在落款的左下方,顶格写,另外,公文指采用16开型,公文汉字一律从左到右横写横排,在左侧装订等。

阅读理解

There is an old Chinese proverb that states "One Generation plants the trees; another gets the shade," and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibility and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. 

Marina, 27 years old, says, "I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn't consider her my best friend. Best friends don't pay for your wedding. Best friends don't remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don't tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn't mean that the mother and daughter relationship can't be very close and satisfying.

While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding.     This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.

Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren't speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother's emotional well-being. It isn’t that they don't care deeply about their mothers. It's just that they shouldn't be burdened with their mother's well being.

The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always "trumps" friend.

小题1:The underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.

A.differ

B.prevent

C.benefit

D.change小题2:Why do many mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding relationship?

A.Because they have a lot in common.

B.Because they have common family values.

C.Because they have no generation gap.

D.Because they keep a constant relationship.小题3:What do we know from the passage?

A.The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.

B.A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.

C.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship.

D.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.小题4:The author proves his statements mainly by _________.

A.listing data

B.giving explanations

C.quoting sayings

D.making examples小题5:What is the best title for the passage?

A.How to be a good mother and daughter

B.Who is a mother’s best friend?

C.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

D.Can a mother be a daughter’s best friend?

单项选择题