问题 综合

(22分)振兴区域经济,加强区际联系,改善生态环境,实现可持续发展。阅读图文资料,回答下列问題。

材料一华北地区简图。

材料二雾霾是雾和霾的组合词。雾是水汽凝结(或凝华)的产物,由大量悬浮在近地面空气中的微小水滴或冰晶组成的气溶肢系统。雾的形成条件要具备较高的水汽饱和度,出现雾时空气相对湿度常达100%或接近100%(如有大量凝结核存在时,相湿度不一定达到100%就可能出现饱和)。雾看起来呈乳白色或青白色,多出现于秋冬季节,有随着空气湿度的日变化而出现早晚较常见或加农,白天相对减轻甚至消失的现象。

空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸、有机碳氩化合物等粒子使大气混浊,导致视野模糊能见度恶 化,如果水平能见度小于10000米时,将这种非水成物组成的气容胶系统称为霾。出现霾时空气相对湿度通常在80%以下。霾看起来呈黄色或橙灰色,霾的曰变化一般不明显,当气 团没有大的变化,相对穗定时,霾可终日不散,甚至可持续数天。

(1)天津是我国传统化工基地,近年来在向国际大都市迈进过程中,天津化学工业逐渐向低能耗、高附加值的精细化工方向发展。试分析产生这种变化的社会经济原因。(5分)

(2)甲地煤炭资源丰富,而上海经济发达,常规能源严重缺乏。结合材料一,说出甲地 煤炭运往上海最经济的运输方式,并说明理由。(5分)

(3)2013年春节前后,京津冀鲁地区多次出现严重的雾霾天气。结合材料二和所学地 理知识,分析造成这些地区雾霾天气的气象条件,并说出形成霾的物质来源。(6分)

(4)乙是世界著名的京杭运河,进入21世纪,古老的运河焕发了青春。试说明京杭运河改造与扩建对于华北地区经济社会可持续发展的意义。(6分)

答案

(1)传统化工产业附加值低、能耗高、污染严重;城市发展(产业结构升级)的要求;环保标准的提高;政府产业政策的引导;科学技术的进步。

(2)方式:铁路——海运。 理由:煤炭运输量大,两地之间运距较远,且没有铁路直通;目的地势海港,利用专业化的运煤专线——大秦铁路和煤炭输出码头——秦皇岛港,实行陆海联运,可最大限度地降低运费。

(3)气象条件:2013年春节前后降水较多,空气湿度大;风力小或无风日较多,并出现逆温天气。 来源:汽车尾气;工业废气;冬季供暖烧煤产生的烟尘;建筑工地和道路交通产生的扬尘。

(4)华北地区是我国人口密集、城市集中、工农业发达地区,水资源不足尤其是冬春季节缺水严重制约着社会经济的发展;京杭运河的改造与扩建,不仅提高了运河通航能力,更重要的是作为南水北调的东线工程,对于解决华北地区缺水问题,促进沿线地区和城市社会经济的可持续发展意义重大。

题目分析:此题综合性强,试题信息量大,难度较大,解题关键是充分结合图文信息对每道小题进行针对性分析,同时还需要了解热点问题,因而对于我国最新发生与地理相关的热点问题,需多了解其相关的地理背景知识。

(1)天津是我国传统化工基地,传统化工产业附加值低、能耗高、污染严重,近年来在向国际大都市迈进过程中,对城市环境质量要求提高,因而天津市政府进行产业政策调整,将原来的化学工业逐渐向低能耗、高附加值的精细化工方向发展。

(2)结合图中交通线路信息,甲地煤炭通过铁路运到秦皇岛,再经海运到上海,这将有利于降低运输成本。

(3)根据材料二中的提示“雾的形成条件要具备较高的水汽饱和度”,“空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸、有机碳氩化合物等粒子使大气混浊,导致视野模糊能见度恶化,如果水平能见度小于10000米时,将这种非水成物组成的气容胶系统称为霾”,则可以推测造成京津冀鲁地区雾霾天气的气象条件是:2013年春节前后降水较多,空气湿度大;风力小或无风日较多,并出现逆温天气。根据材料二可知,霾是由空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸、有机碳氩化合物等非水成物组成的气容胶系统,则可知形成霾的物质来源是汽车尾气;工业废气;冬季供暖烧煤产生的烟尘;建筑工地和道路交通产生的扬尘。

(4)京杭运河改造与扩建对于华北地区经济社会可持续发展的意义主要表现在提高了运河通航能力和作为南水北调的东线工程。

阅读理解

Arthur sat at the desk in his room, pencil in hand. He had to write a story for his English class by Friday. “I don’t know what to write about,” he complained to his dog Toby, who was asleep at his feet. Arthur was talkative when speaking to his friends, yet he had trouble finding words when he had to write.

By bedtime Arthur had drawn a picture of Toby smiling. He had drawn a tree with its branches blowing in the strong wind. He had also written a note asking his friend Lee to go to the movies on Saturday. But he had not written a single word of his story.

On Wednesday, Mrs. Solomon, Arthur’s English teacher, asked the class to turn in the first draft of their stories. His heart sinking, Arthur turned in the only work he had—the page with his name, the drawings and the note.

Arthur wasn’t surprised when Mrs. Solomon asked him to stay after class the next day. But he was surprised by what she said to him. “This is an attractive story, Arthur. The dog, the movie, the tree in the wind—I can’t wait to find out how they all fit together.”

“That isn’t my story, Mrs. Solomon,” Arthur admitted. “I haven’t been able to think of one yet.”

“Oh, I think you have the seed(种子of a story there,” Mrs. Solomon replied, “Look at your note and the pictures and see if a story comes to you.”

That night Arthur sat at his desk, and this is what he wrote: “One Saturday Mike went downstairs to meet his friend Julio at the cinema. It looked as if it might rain, so Mike carried his umbrella. Suddenly a big storm blew in, bending the trees. The noise of the wind sounded like the barking of Mike’s dog Toby. Toby really hated storms and barked whenever he wanted to be let inside. Then Mike realized that it wasn’t the sound of the wind. It was Toby. The dog was running after him down the busy street, barking. The sound was filled with blame. Mike felt guilty because he had left Toby outside. He turned and headed home with Toby running beside him. Mike let Toby in the door just as the rain started to pour down.”

Arthur had a story in the end. The last thing he did was to write his name proudly at the top of the page.

小题1:Why did Arthur turn in the page with only his name, the drawings and the note at first?

A.Because he had no time to fit them together.

B.Because he had difficulty in writing a story.

C.Because he wasn’t willing to do his homework.

D.Because he wanted to show his talent for drawing.小题2:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A.Toby is an imaginative and lovely dog.

B.The small tree will grow into a big one.

C.His friend Lee can give him a lot of support.

D.He can develop his story based on the first draft.小题3:What kind of teacher do you think Mrs. Solomon is ?

A.She is a strict teacher

B.She is a wise teacher

C.She is an honest teacher

D.She is an energetic teacher小题4:What can we infer(推断from the story?

A.Arthur is a shy and quiet student

B.Arthur isn’t very satisfied with his story

C.There will be a storm on Saturday

D.Encouragement is important in teaching

单项选择题 A1型题