问题 改错题

阅读材料并回答问题。

材料一:这是一次人类从来没有经历过的最伟大的进步的变革,是一个需要巨人而且产生了巨人——在思维能力、热情和性格方面,在多才多艺和学识渊博等方面的巨人的时代。

——恩格斯

材料二:当法国革命如火如荼的时候,英国正在进行着一场没有硝烟,但威力并不因此而减弱的革命。

——恩格斯

(1)材料一中提到“最伟大的进步的变革”指什么?请指出材料中所提的一位巨人,该变革有何历史作用?(6分)

(2)材料二中法国革命对该国及国际产生了什么影响?(3分)

(3)“一场没有硝烟,但威力并不因此而减弱的革命”指什么?(2分) 

(4)三个历史事件体现了这一时期的历史发展趋势是什么?(2分)

答案

(1)文艺复兴。巨人:但丁,达·芬奇,莎士比亚(列举一个即可)

作用:略

(2)国内影响:推翻封建统治。国际影响:打击了欧洲封建势力,有利于启蒙思想的传播。

(3)工业革命

(4)资本主义的产生与发展。

(1)题目分析:捉住材料的关键信息“需要巨人而且产生了巨人”以及材料主要意思可知是文艺复兴,产生了许多巨人,意大利文艺复兴的先驱但丁,他创作长诗《神曲》。 意大利画家达•芬奇《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》。 英国文学巨匠莎士比亚, 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《哈姆雷特》。文艺复兴推动了欧洲文化思想领域的繁荣,为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础。

点评:本题难度低,考查学生对课本基础知识掌握程度,属于送分题;文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起,以后扩展到西欧各国,于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动,带来一段科学与艺术革命时期,揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕,被认为是中古时代和近代的分界

(2) 题目分析: 法国大革命是资产阶级革命时代最大、最彻底、最典型的资产阶级革命。有外国军队的武装干涉国内影响:法国大革命摧毁了法国的封建统治,传播了资产阶级自由民主的进步思想(国内)。打击了欧洲封建势力(指拿破仑战争),有利于启蒙思想的传播,对世界历史的发展有很大影响(国际)。

点评:本题难度适中,考查学生阅读分析材料的能力,很好地考查了法国大革命的主干知识;法国大革命是1789年在法国爆发的资产阶级革命,统治法国多个世纪的君主制封建制度在三年内土崩瓦解。法国在这段时期经历着一个史诗式的转变:过往的封建、贵族和宗教特权不断受到自由主义政治组织及上街抗议的民众的冲击,旧的观念逐渐被全新的天赋 * * 、三权分立等的民主思想所取代;

(3)题目分析:当革命的风暴横扫整个法国的时候”是指法国大革命,这句话中的“变革”是指工业革命,因为法国大革命开始于1789年,工业革命的时间18世纪60年代—19世纪中期。

点评:学生要知道题目中提到的“一场比较平静、但是并不因此就显得缺乏力量的变革。”是肯定了工业革命的巨大作用。关于工业革命,还要求学生掌握其开始的标志、最具代表性的发明、时代特征、交通工具的发明及工业革命的影响等。

(4)题目分析:文艺复兴为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础。法国大革命摧毁了法国的封建统治,使法国走上资本主义道路,促进了资本主义发展,工业革命使资本主义最终战胜了封建主义。巩固了资本主义制度。这三个历史事件体现了这一时期的历史发展趋势是资本主义的产生与发展。

点评:此题难度较高,考查学生综合分析问题的能力。做好此题,关键是要分清这三个事件各自的历史影响。寻其共同点,得出答案。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The Peales were a famous family of American artists. Charles Willson Peale is best remembered for his

portraits of leading figures of the American Revolution. He painted portraits of Franklin and Jefferson and

over a dozen of George Washington. His life-size portrait of his sons Raphaelle and Titian was so realistic

that George Washington reportedly once tipped his hat (脱帽打招呼) to the figures in the picture.

     Charles Willson Peale gave up painting in his middle age and devoted his life to the Peale seum,which he

founded in Philadelphia. The world's first popular museum of art and natural science mainly covered paintings

by Peale and his family as well as displays of animals in their natural settings Peale found the animals himself

and found a method to make the exhibits more lifelike. The museum's most popular display was the skeleton

(骷髅) of a huge,extinct elephant,which Peale unearthed on a New York farm in l801.

     Three of Peale's seventeen children were also famous artists. Raphaelle Peale often painted still lives of

flowers,fruit,and cheese. His brother Rembrandt studied under his father and painted portraits of many noted

people,including one of George Washington. Another brother, Rubens Peale, painted mostly landscapes and

portraits.

     James Peale, the brother of Charles Willson Peale, specialized in miniatures (小画像). His daughter Sarah

Miriam Peale was probably the first professional female portrait painter in America.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The life of Charles Willson Peale.

B. Portraits in the l8th century.

C. The Peale Museum.

D. A family of artists.

2. The author mentions in Paragraph l that Washington tipped his hat to the figures in the painting to show

    that _____.

A. Charles Willson Peale's painting was very lifelike

B. Washington respected Charles Willson Peale's work

C. Washington was friendly with Raphaelle and Titian Peale

D. the painting of the two brothers was very large

3. Which of the following is NOT the child of Charles Willson Peale?

A. Titian Peale.

B. Rubens Peale.

C. Raphaelle Peale.

D. Sarah Miriam Peale.

4. The author's attitude toward the Peales is in general _____.

A. puzzling

B. exciting

C. admiring

D. disappointing

单项选择题