问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

常言说得好:若要人不知,除非己莫为。说谎者一旦把谎言编造出,哪怕编造得再“天衣无缝”,理论上讲,最终也逃不脱科学家犀利的透视谎言的“神眼”。

谎言能不能被识破,关键在于说谎行为的发生是否能被证实。经过长时期艰苦的探索,现在科学家对谎言甄别和确认的手段已经相当配套和完备了。从贴身测量血压、脉搏、呼吸、皮肤电流等生理指标,到远距离测量声音、人体气味、心理压力等生理变化指标,在科学家的“神眼”面前,谎言制造的迷雾已经难掩其身,无法躲藏了。

但这些手段还有不够完美的地方。由于人的情绪、意志、身体状况等方面因素的影响,有时会使测谎仪发生误判。为了弥补这些细小的缺陷,科学家又开始了新的探索。美国神经生理学家劳伦斯·法韦尔发现,在遇到熟悉的声音、物体或姓名大约1秒钟后,大脑特有的意识活动就会发出一种特殊的信号,他将这种意识变化产生的特殊信号命名为“门莫尔”,意思是“记忆和相关译码多层面脑电图仪回答”。也就是说,如果将与案件牵涉到的犯罪武器展示给犯罪嫌疑人,如果他确实是罪犯,这些实物信息就会引发他的回忆,这时,对他进行跟踪的大脑意识变化信号记录图仪上就会出现“他曾经使用过”之类的表示“曾经经历”的特殊信号。这个信号之所以那么珍贵,关键是它的出现不受人的主观意识控制,换言之,它只讲“真话”,不会“撒谎”。如果一个人在历史上曾经对另一个人比较熟悉,那么当他看见另一个的照片以后,不管嘴上是否承认熟悉此人,也不管他以多么镇定的姿态否认“曾经熟悉”的事实,大脑意识变化信号记录图仪上都会客观地显示“曾经亲历”的特殊信号。

这个记忆跟踪技术的发明,可以帮助测谎者直接到说谎者的大脑中去发掘事实真相,提取说谎证据。

最近,还有一些神经科医生认为,既然欺骗是一种智力表现,那么,大脑中应该有专属于它的区域——撒谎区域,就像大脑中也有专门的语言区域一样。如果能够让仪器识别这些区域,那仪器就会用图像显示出大脑的谎言编制片断或过程,这样,谎言就完全无处藏身了。(选自《科学之谜》2005年第12期)

小题1: 以下对“记忆跟踪技术”的表述,不正确的一项是( )

A.将与案件牵涉到的犯罪武器展示给犯罪嫌疑人,如果他确实是罪犯,这些实物信息就会引发他的回忆。

B.犯罪嫌疑人的大脑意识活动被记录图仪跟踪着,如果他确实是罪犯,有关实物信息就会使他说出事实真相。

C.记忆跟踪技术可以帮助测谎者直接到说谎者的大脑中去发掘事实真相,提取说谎证据。

D.记录图仪对犯罪嫌疑人的大脑意识活动进行跟踪,如果他确实是罪犯,有关实物信息就会使记录图仪上出现他“曾经亲历“的特殊信号。小题2:以下对文章的理解,正确的一项是( )

A.实践证明,说谎者一旦把谎言编造出来,哪怕编造得再“天衣无缝”,最终也逃不脱科学家犀利的透视谎言的“神眼”。

B.说谎者在遇到熟悉的声音、物体或姓名大约1秒钟后,大脑特有的意识活动就会发出一种特殊的信号,而诚实者不会产生这种特殊信号。

C.科学家能从贴身测量血压、脉搏、呼吸、皮肤电流等生理指标,到远距离测量声音、人体气味、心理压力等生理变化指标,对谎言甄别和确认。

D.如果一个人看见一个熟悉者的照片以后,不管嘴上是否承认熟悉此人,也不管他以多么镇定的姿态否认“曾经熟悉”的事实,测试仪都会确认他在撒谎。小题3:根据文意,以下推断正确的一项是( )

A.记忆跟踪技术已经帮警方破了许多案子,谎言在它面前已经难掩其身,无法躲藏了。

B.特殊信号的出现不受人的主观意识控制,换言之,它只讲“真话”,不会“撒谎”。

C.动物实验证明,所有生物的大脑中有一处专门的撒谎区域,这表明欺骗是一种智力行为。

D.大脑意识变化信号记录图仪能够识别撒谎区域,用图像显示出大脑的谎言编制片断或过程。

答案

小题1:B

小题2:C

小题3:B

小题1:

题目分析:“使他说出事实真相” 错, “他”不会说出来,并且用记忆跟踪技术测谎也不需要“他”说。

小题2:

题目分析:A项,“实践证明”错,应该是“理论上”。 B项,任何人的大脑中都会产生这种特殊信号。D项,“测谎仪都会确认他在撒谎”应该改为“大脑意识变化信号记录图仪会确认他在撒谎”。

小题3:

题目分析:A项,“已经帮警方破了许多案子”原文无据。C项,“动物实验证明”属于无中生有。D项,“大脑意识变化信号记录图仪”并不能“用图像显示大脑的谎言编制片段或过程”。

选择题
阅读理解

  In ancient Japan, if you saved someone’s life, they would make it their duty to spend the rest of their life serving you. Nowadays, if you rescue someone’s story, he or she will feel the same kind of gratitude (感激).

  It happens all the time. Someone in a group is telling a story and, just before their big point, BOOM! There’s an interruption. Someone new joins the group, a waiter with a plate of biscuits comes over, or a baby starts crying. Suddenly everyone’s attention turns to the new arrival, the food on the plate, or the “charming” little child. Nobody is aware of the interruption — except the speaker. They forget all about the fact that the speaker hasn’t made his or her point.

  Or you’re all sitting around the living room and someone is telling a joke. Suddenly, just before their big punch line (妙语), little Johnny drops a dish or the phone rings. After the crash, everyone talks about little Johnny’s carelessness. After the call, the subject turns to the upcoming marriage or medical operation of the caller. Nobody remembers the great punch line got unfinished — except the joke teller. When it’s you entertaining everyone at a restaurant, have you ever noticed how you can almost set your clock by the waiter coming to take everyone’s order just before your funny punch line?

  Most joke and story tellers are too shy to say, after the interruption, “Now, as I was saying …” Instead, they’ll spend the rest of the evening feeling bad they didn’t get to finish. Here’s where you come in. Rescue them with the technique I call “Lend a Helping Tongue.”

  Watch the gratitude in the storyteller’s eyes as he stabilizes where his story sunk and he sails off again toward the center of attention. His expression and the appreciation of your consideration by the rest of the group are often reward enough. You are even more fortunate if you can rescue the story of someone who can hire you, promote you, buy from you, or otherwise lift your life. Big winners have excellent memories. When you do them subtle favors like Lend a Helping Tongue, they find a way to pay you back.

  53. Very often, a storyteller cannot make his point because _________.

  A. people are more interested in food than his story

  B. many guests bring their babies to the party

  C. he is interrupted by something unexpected

  D. his story is easily forgotten by the listeners

  54. From Paragraph 3, we know that when someone is telling a joke, _________.

  A. something bad will surely happen just before their punch line

  B. listeners’ attention is often drawn to something else

  C. the only person really interested in the joke is the joke teller

  D. the waiter knows when to take everyone’s order

  55. How can we help the joke and story tellers when they are interrupted?

  A. By giving them a chance to finish.

  B. By comforting them to make them happy.

  C. By going on telling the story for them.

  D. By teaching them some useful techniques.

  56. What is the text mainly about?

  A. People should learn how to take turns in a conversation.

  B. We can win someone’s heart by getting him back to his story.

  C. Telling jokes will make you the center of attention.

  D. It is impolite to cut in on someone’s talk.