问题 问答题

举例说明动机与需要、诱因的关系。

答案

参考答案:

(1)需要是动机产生的必要条件,内部原因。当需要积累到一定的强度,推动人体去活动,并使活动指向一定目标(诱因)时,需要就成为人的动机。

(2)需要往往是以愿望、意向被人们体验着,不一定会激发行为,而动机产生就意味着行动。

(3)动机就意味着行动,行动的目的是满足需要,因此要有对象或目标。外在诱因也可以成为行动的驱动力量。有时,个体在需要不是很强的情况下,由于诱因的存在也会产生指向诱因的行动。如不是很饿,但看到喜欢的食品,也会吃一点。

(4)以上二个条件是相互联系相互制约的。有了强烈的需要,诱因条件差一点也能迸发出强烈的动机,而诱因条件很好,即使需要不是很强烈,也能促使它转化为动机。但需要是内部原因,是转化为动机的主导性因素。降价消费,买涨不买跌行为。

(5)当人们需要得到满足后,不平衡得到消除,诱因吸引力降低,动机强度也随之减弱或消失。

阅读理解

According to Andrew, it never would have happened if he had not had a flat tire on Highway 10 last night at about 7:30. He was on his way to attend a three-day sales meeting when he had the flat. tyre. Unfortunately, he did not have a spare, so he pushed the car off the road, locked it up, and managed to thumb a ride back to Pine Grove. It was after eleven o'clock when he finally got home, and it was then that his real problems started.

When Andrew left home at about 5:30, he had told his wife not to expect him back until Thursday or Friday. Knowing that his wife was nervous about staying in the house alone at night, Andrew took the precaution of checking all the windows in the house to be sure they were locked, so that he could report to his wife that the house was secure. He convinced his wife that the house was burglar-proof, and that she would be perfectly safe, providing she bolted (闩上)the front door as soon as he drove away.

Andrew's only thought as he made his way in the dark to his front door was how surprised his wife was going to be to see him, since he was not supposed to be back until Thursday or Friday. He had forgotten about the bolt on the front door. When he turned his key in the lock and the door wouldn't budge, he remembered the bolt. And he remembered that he had carefully locked all of the windows.

Although Andrew didn't know it at the time, a next-door neighbor had seen him approaching the house and had watched him go up the steps to the front door. In the dark, it was impossible for the neighbor to recognize Andrew, and, besides, the neighbor knew that Andrew had gone out-of-town for a three-day meeting. As a matter of fact, Andrew had asked the neighbor to keep an eye on the house while he was gone.

Finding that he couldn't get in, Andrew began pounding(砰砰地敲) on the front door to get his wife to open the door. According to Andrew, however, his wife is a very sound sleeper, and he knew it was going to be hard to wake her up. In the meantime, because of all the noise he had been making, the neighbor was convinced that somebody was trying to break into the house; so she called the police.

When we talked to Andrew at the country jail this morning, he said that he still didn't understand how the police managed to circle the house without his seeing them. He stated that he had decided the only way to get in was to break one of the dining room windows, and that he was about, to hurl his briefcase into the window to break it when two of the officers grabbed him from behind.

Andrew could not make the officers believe that he lived there; so they took him off to jail. Apparently, he did succeed in convincing them that they ought to wake up the woman in the house to check his story. But there was no answer when they knocked at the door. He tried to explain to them that his wife was a very sound sleeper, but they concluded there was nobody in the house.

小题1:As Andrew had a flat tyre on the way, he          .

A.had to take another car to attend the meeting

B.rode on a bike to attend the meating

C.asked for a lift to go back home

D.borrowed a car to go back home小题2:When Andrew was approaching the house        .

A.he was sure he would pleasently surprise his wife

B.he was deep in thought

C.he was sure that his neighbor would help him

D.he was worried about how to wake his wife up小题3:The  underlined word “budge” in Paragraph 3 probably means           .

A.move slightly

B.lock tightly

C.knock lightly

D.close tightly小题4:Why did the police officers take Andrew off to jail?

A.It was too late for them to contact Andrew’s wife.

B.Andrew did not explain clearly why he broke into the house.

C.They thought it unnecessary to check Andrew’s story.

D.they concluded that Andrew’s story was a complete invention.

单项选择题