问题 综合题

(12分)19世纪六七十年代,中国民族资本主义产生,从此,近代私营工商业成为我国一支新兴的重要的经济力量。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 陈启沅创办的继昌隆缫丝厂,被当地官府和顽固势力视为异端,1881年南海知县曾下令封闭,致使陈启沅被迫迁厂于澳门。李福明开办的机器磨坊被强令关闭,李福明本人被捕交清朝刑部“照例治罪,以儆刁顽”。

——陈旭麓《近代中国八十年》

材料二 甲午战争后,有些爱国工商业人士发出了“实业救国”的呼声。同时,有人指责既已允许外国人在华投资设厂开矿,如果再对本国民间投资设厂限制过严,也于理不合。因此,清政府只好放松限制,允许民间设厂,但并没有可靠的法律保护。苛捐杂税、官吏勒索不但没有减少,反而日益增加。

——《中国近代史》

材料三 1913年至1920年,全国新设面粉厂47个。1914年前,面粉每年入超。从1915年起,变为出超。1915年至1920年,面粉出超量由0.2895万吨增至17.2485万吨,增加了59倍以上。1913年至1921年,全国华资纱厂的纱锭,也由48.4万余枚增至124.8万余枚,增长了157.9%;织布机由2 016台增至5 825台,增长了188.9%。

——《中国经济近代史料汇编》

请回答:

(1) 根据材料一,指出清政府对民族资本主义企业的政策及其影响。(4分)

(2) 从材料二可以看出,清政府对民族资本主义企业的政策有何变化?依据材料分析这种变化的原因。(4分)

(3) 材料三反映了什么历史现象?出现这种现象的政策原因是什么?(4分)

答案

(1)政策:将民族资本主义企业视为异端,强行关闭,并对民族资本家进行“治罪”。影响:严重阻碍了民族资本主义的发展。(4分)

(2)变化:由严格限制转为允许民间设厂。

原因:允许外国人设厂,再限制民间设厂于理不合;“实业救国”呼声的压力。(4分)

(3)现象:民族工业得到空前发展,进入“短暂春天”。原因:中华民国政府实行了一些有利于发展经济的政策,并倡导使用国货。(4分)

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that's long been considered a necessary part to reading

and writing paper.No notebooks, no textbooks, no test paper.Nor are there any pencils or pens, which

always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A"paperless classroom"is what more and more

schools are trying to achieve.

     Students don't do any handwriting in this class.Instead, they use palm size, or speciallydesigned

computers.The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student's

personal computer.

      Having computers also means that students can use the Web.They can look up information on any

subject they're studying from maths to social science.

     High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn

about the war in Afganistan(阿富汗) over one year ago.

      "We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee camps

(难民营), "she said."Using a book that's three or four years old is impossible."

      And exams can go online too.At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own

computers.The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to

his own electronic grade book.

      A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher

Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky US said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each

student.

      "Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers, "she said. But, with all this

technology, there's always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or

technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hitech students.

1. What does the part of the last but one sentence in the first paragraph, "run out of ink at the critical

     moment" mean?

A. Pens may not write welt at the critical moment.

B. Pens get lost easily, so you may not find them at the critical moment.

C. Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment.

D. Pens use ink, while pencils don't.

2. In a paperless classroom, what is a must?

A. Pens.                            

B. Computers.

C. Information.                                

D. Texts.

3. The high school teacher, Judy Herrell, used the example of her class to show that________.

A. the Web could take them everywhere

B. the Web taught them a lot

C. the Web is a good tool for information

D. the Web, better than the textbooks, can give the latest and comprehensive(全面的) information

4. The paperless classrooms will benefit ________ the most.

A. students                                  

B. teachers  

C. trees                                      

D. computers

5. What does the phrase in the last paragraph, "break down", mean?

A. Break into pieces.                          

B. Stop working.

C. Fall down.                                

D. Lose control.