问题 改错题

中国、日本均是世界上有较大影响力的国家,中日关系的好坏往往牵动世界的神经。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 “当日本19世纪中叶开始面临西方资本主义国家的侵略威胁时,能够以这些国家为榜样,顺利地实现了本国的社会变革,走上独立的资本主义发展道路。”

——《世界史·近代史稿》

(1)材料一中所说的“社会变革”是日本历史上哪一场重大改革?(1分)日本历史上还有一次变革,我们称为什么?(1分)当时中国处于哪个朝代?(1分)

材料二 由于中国人闭关自守,骄傲自满,三次灾难性的战争使他们受到了巨大的刺激。第一次是同英国的战争,第二次是同英法的战争,第三次是同日本的战争。这些战争迫使中国人打开大门,结束他们对西方的屈尊态度,重新评价自己的传统文明。

——摘自《全球通史》

(2)材料二中“同日本的战争”是指什么战争?(1分)之后日本还参与或发动了哪些侵华战争?(2分)

材料三 从地理环境看,日本可以说是“上帝的弃儿”,陆地面积狭小,自然资源匮乏,地质灾害频发。但从人文经济的角度来看,早在十九世纪60年代末,它就学习西方,实施变革,“脱亚入欧”成为了亚洲的例外。后来成为第一个承办奥运会的亚洲国家,世界第二号资本主义经济强国,简直就是“上帝的宠儿”。

(3)二战后日本经济恢复和发展得益于哪个国家的帮助和扶植?(1分)除此之外,还有哪些原因?(1分)

材料四 钓鱼岛

材料五 据日媒消息,169名日本国会议员4月23日参拜了位于东京都九段北的靖国神社。这是近些年最大规模的一次。

(4)除了钓鱼岛、靖国神社问题意外,还有哪些问题一直影响中日关系的正常发展?(1分)我们该如何正确看待中日关系?(1分)

答案

(1)明治维新(1分);大化改新(1分);唐朝(1分)

(2)甲午中日战争或1894—1895年的中日战争(1分);1900-1901年参与了八国联军侵华战争(1分),1931-1945年(20世纪30年代)的日本法西斯侵华战争(中国称之为“抗日战争”)(1分)

(3)美国;(1分)原因:①战后日本进行了民主改革;②政府制定了恰当的经济政策;③引进最新科技成就;④重视教育和科技的发展;(1分,至少一点)

(4)日本历史教科书问题、东海油气田问题、台海问题(1分,只要答出一点)

表示强烈的愤慨和严正抗议;警惕日本军国主义复活;正视历史、以史为鉴;牢记历史,珍爱和平;面向未来、加强合作;谋求中日关系健康发展。(答出其中一点或符合题意即可)(1分)

题目分析:(1)材料一中所说的“社会变革”是日本历史上的明治维新。日本历史上还有一次变革,我们称为大化改新,当时中国处于唐朝时期。

(2)材料二中“同日本的战争”是指甲午中日战争。之后日本还参与或发动了1900-1901年参与了八国联军侵华战争。1931-1945年(20世纪30年代)的日本法西斯侵华战争。

(3)二战后日本经济恢复和发展得益于美国的帮助和扶植。原因:①战后日本进行了民主改革;②政府制定了恰当的经济政策;③引进最新科技成就;④重视教育和科技的发展。

(4)除了钓鱼岛、靖国神社问题意外,还有日本历史教科书问题、东海油气田问题、台海问题等一直影响中日关系的正常发展。我们该如何正确看待中日关系:表示强烈的愤慨和严正抗议;警惕日本军国主义复活;正视历史、以史为鉴;牢记历史,珍爱和平;面向未来、加强合作;谋求中日关系健康发展。

点评:本题难度适中,考查的是学生对历史知识的识记、理解能力。日本明治维新的时间是1868年,性质是一场自上而下的资产阶级性质的改革。明治维新使日本走上了资本主义的发展道路,成为亚洲强国,也开始走上对外殖民扩张道路。日本大化改新是古代日本的转折点,学习的对象是中国隋唐,这场改革使日本由奴隶社会变成了封建社会。甲午中日战争的时间是1894年—1895年,结果清政府战败,签订了《马关条约》,大大加深了中国的半殖民化程度。八国联军侵华战争清政府战败后,签订了《辛丑条约》,使中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会,清政府完全成为列强统治中国的工具。1931年9月18日日军制造“九一八”事变,是中国局部抗战的开始。1937年7月7日,日军制造“卢沟桥”事变,不仅是日军全面侵华的开始,也是全民族抗战的开始。抗日战争的典型战役有台儿庄战役、百团大战。二战后日本崛起的表现是20世纪70年代,日本成为仅次于美国的资本主义世界的第二经济大国,并开始谋求政治大国地位。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Believe it or not, America's favorite snack food is the potato chip. There is a story behind how it was

first made. One might think that something genius thought up the first potato chips, but it didn't happen

that way. The Moon Lake Restaurant was a well-known restaurant in New York in 1853. Its menu included

French-fried potatoes: a popular food recipe brought back from France by Thomas Jefferson. These were

thickly cut potatoes, fried until golden brown and crisp in the outside. One evening a guest in the dining hall

felt that his potatoes were too thick and sent them back to the kitchen. The cook sliced some potatoes thinner

than before and prepared them for the complaining guest. He was still not satisfied and sent them back again!

By this time the cook was angry and decided to do exactly what the dinner guest wanted: slice the potatoes

as thin as possible. Then they would be so crisp that the diner wouldn't be able to use his fork to eat them.

When the paper thin browned potatoes arrived the dinner was pleased. He was so happy with them that other

guests started ordering the new potatoes. The cook's plan to stop the dinner guest from complaining did not

turn out as he had planned. Soon Saratoga Chips appeared on the menu and became so popular that people

wanted to take some home. The restaurant started selling small packages of the potato chips. A few years later

they were selling all over the United States. But because the potatoes had to be peeled by hand, it was a time-

consuming chore and potato ships were often out of stock. In the 1920s a mechanical potato peeler was

invented and soon there were potato chips in abundance. They gradually spread all over the world, and have

remained popular ever since.

1. According to this passage,the cook of the Moon Lake Restaurant _____. [ ]

A. enjoyed making potato chips very much

B. wanted to silence a guest's complaining

C. liked playing jokes on guests

D. was pleased that other guests liked the chips

2. The restaurant started to sell potato chips because _____.[ ]

A. potato chips were liked by people

B. the dinner guest asked for them

C. it was not difficult to cook them

D. they were pleased with the thick potato chips

3. According to this passage, mass production of potato chips was made possible when _____. [ ]

A. potatoes could be peeled by machines

B. potatoes were peeled by a large number of cooks

C. there was a growing demand for them

D. they first appeared in a restaurant

4. Potato chips have been popular in the US _____. [ ]

A. for more than 200 years

B. ever since 1920

C. for less than 100 years

D. since the 19th century