问题 综合题

(21分)19世纪末20世纪初,中国经济呈现明显的变化。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 表1为中国民族资本主义工业发展状况(1895—1899年)

表1

行业1895年1899年发展速度(1895=100)
棉纺织业纱厂纱锭数(枚)1465369564474.7
机制面粉业产量(万包)20476766330.5
缫丝业出口量(担)30394175137.4
沿海地区丝车数(台)3856945278117.4
内地丝车数(台)794329270368.5
卷烟业资本额(万元)85154181.2
火柴业资本额(万元)126241191.3
水泥业产量(吨)68190279.4
机械采煤业产量(吨)89145162.3
——许涤新、吴承明主编《旧民主主义革命时期的中国资本主义》

材料二 表2为甲午战争前后中国进出口商品种类比较(单位:%)

表2

进口商品
年代生产资料消费资料
机器及

大工具

建筑用品;

设备、器材

合计消费品

原料

直接消费资料合计
18930.67.88.413.078.691.6
19030.714.315.022.362.785.0
19101.516.017.617.065.482.4
出口商品
时间原料半制品制成品
 农产品矿产品手工制造机器制造手工制造机器制造
189315.6——28.40.153.42.5
190326.80.417.211.932.96.8
191039.10.713.114.728.38.0
 ——严中平《中国近代经济史统计资料选辑》

材料三 在19世纪60年代到90年代之间,中国先后出现过300多家新式的工业企业,这些企业的主人或主要投资者,其身份多为官僚,地主、商人、买办,这批人大体上就是我们所说的民族资产阶级。资产阶级在共短短的一生中,还为中国留下了一点积极的东西。他们为社会的新陈代谢提供了物质基础,使最初的改革和后来的革命有所依托。

——陈旭麓《近代中国社会的新陈代谢》

(1)据材料一,概括19世纪末中国民族资本主义工业发展的特点,并结合所学知识分析其成因。(7分)

(2)运用统计方法对历史资料进行数量分析,是史学研究的重要方法之一。依据材料二,结合所学知识,说明甲午战争前后中国经济的基本特征。(8分)

(3)结合19世纪末20世纪初的相关史实,论证民族资产阶级“为中国留下了一点积极的东西”这一观点的合理性。(6分)

答案

(1)特点:民族资本主义工业不断发展;由沿海向内地扩展;轻工业发展迅速。(3分)

成因:清政府放宽民间设厂限制,鼓励发展工商业;“实业救国”思潮兴起;外国资本主义侵略由沿海深入内地;轻工业投资少、见效快等。(4分)

(2)特征:①中国沦为资本主义国家的商品市场和原料产地,卷入资本主义世界市场,成为资本主义经济的附庸。(4分)

②现代化加快,进出口贸易的发展。(4分)

(3)经济上:经济上推动工业化;政治上推动政治民主化进程;思想上形成思想解放潮流;生活习俗近代化等。(答出其中3点即可,6分)

题目分析:

(1)从材料一表格的数据可以看出,1895—1899年,中国的民族资本主义获得了较大的发展;民族工业由沿海向内地扩展;轻工业发展迅速。联系这一时期国内外背景,分析这些特点的成因。

(2)分析材料二《甲午战争前后中国进出口商品种类比较》可知,这一时期中国进口的商品以直接消费资料、消费品原料和机器等为主,出口的商品主要是农产品和手工产品为主。一方面说明中国进出口贸易的发展,另一方面也说明了中国已经沦为资本主义国家的商品市场和原料产地。

(3)该问属于论述型的问题,考查学生分析和论证问题的能力。通过列举19世纪末20世纪初民族资产阶级在经济、政治、思想文化、社会生活等方面的贡献论证题干的观点。答题时要注意史论结合,论据充足、论证充分。   

阅读理解

The most frightening words in the English language are “our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, “I’m sorry, I can’t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.”

“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”

“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.” I looked down at the counter and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do you do?”

“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”

“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”

“That’s right, sir.”

“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.

“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There is no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down, it won’t answer us.”

After the girl told me they had no backup computer, I said, “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They are still flying, aren’t they?”

“I can’t tell without asking the computer.”

“Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if he’s flying to Washington.” I suggested.

“I wouldn’t know what gate to send you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldn’t take you if you didn’t have a ticket.”

“Is there any other airline flying to Washington within the next few hours?”

“I wouldn’t know,” she said, pointing at the desk screen. “Only IT knows. It can’t tell me.”

By this time there were quite a few people standing in line. The words soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.

小题1:The word “down” in the sentence ‘Our computer is down.’ means _____________.

A.falling

B.downcast

C.drop

D.dead小题2:The best title of the article is _________.

A.Asking the Computer

B.The Computer of the Airport

C.The Most Frightening Words

D.When the Computer Is Down小题3:What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?

A.She could answer the passengers’ questions

B.She could do nothing.

C.She could sell a ticket.

D.She could write out a ticket.

单项选择题