问题 多项选择题

马克思在《资本论》中指出,“在劳动力上支出的可变资本部分,在这里,在流动资本这个项目下,显然和不变资本(即由生产材料构成的资本部分)等同起来。这样,资本的增殖过程的神秘化也就完成了”。对这一论断理解正确的有

A.流动资本包含全部可变资本和不变资本

B.可变资本和不变资本的混淆掩盖了剩余价值的真正来源

C.“在这里”指的是成本价格这个范畴;

D.“资本的增殖过程的神秘化”是指剩余价值取得了利润形式从而成为全部预付资本的产物

答案

参考答案:B,C,D

解析: 本题考查了剩余价值的第一次转化,即剩余价值转化为利润的过程。马克思所指的“在这里”,正是资本主义商品生产的成本价格范畴,成本价格由商品生产所消耗的流动资本价值、转移的固定资本价值两部分构成,混淆了不变资本和可变资本的界限。选项A,流动资本包含全部可变资本,但不能包含全部不变资本,机器设备、厂房等不变资本属于固定资本。选项B,马克思主义政治经济学认为,可变资本即以劳动力形式存在的那部分资本是剩余价值的真正来源,而可变资本和不变资本概念的混淆,将剩余价值当作全部预付资本的产物,当然就掩盖了剩余价值的真正来源,这也正是D项所说的“资本的增殖过程的神秘化”。

填空题
单项选择题

A new study finds that blacks on death row (1) of killing whites are more likely to be executed than whites who kill minorities. It also concludes that blacks who kill (2) minorities are (3) likely to be executed than blacks who kill whites. For example, there is more than a twofold greater risk that an African-American who killed a white will be executed than a white person who kills a (4) victim. A Hispanic is at least 1.4 (5) more likely to be executed (6) such an offender kills a white.

The researchers of the study believe that there are two (7) explanations.. First, prosecutors often win (8) office if they win well-publicized cases. When a black kills a white, such killings gets more (9) and this idea can be (10) by many famous cases. (11) , the court judges at the state level are often (12) to elections, called retention elections. Retention election or judicial retention within the United States court system, is a periodic process, in which the voter (13) approval or disapproval for the judges presently (14) their position, and a judge can be removed from the position if the (15) of the citizens vote him or her out. Just as the researchers (16) out, death penalty is (17) political.

The findings of the study, in short, show that American justice systems clearly (18) white lives more than those of blacks or Hispanics. The researchers also say their findings (19) serious doubts about (20) that the U.S. criminal justice system is colorblind.

8()

A.previous

B.same

C.lower

D.higher