Pharming is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a personal computer or server, misdirecting users to ___29___ Web sites without their knowledge or consent. Pharming has been called "phishing without a lure".
In phishing, the perpetrator sends out legitimate-___30___ e-mails, appearing to come from some of the Web’s most popular sites, in an effort to obtain personal and financial information from individual recipients. But in pharming, larger numbers of computer users can be ___31___ because it is not necessary to target individuals one by one and no conscious action is required on the part of the victim.In one form of pharming attack, code sent in an e-mail modifies local host files on a personal computer. The host files convert URLs into the number strings that the computer uses to access Web sites. A computer with a compromised host file will go to the fake Web site even if a user types in the correct Internet address or clicks on an affected ___32___ entry. Some spyware removal programs can correct the corruption, but it frequently recurs unless the user changes browsing ___33___
33（）
A. habits signature
B. manageability
C. efficiency
D. address
参考答案：A
解析：
无诱饵钓鱼欺骗是一种诡秘的做法，其中，恶意代码装入个人计算机或服务器，在不知不觉中或未经用户同意将用户错误地引向骗人的(fraudulent)网站，这称为“无诱饵钓鱼”。
在钓鱼式欺骗中，为了从收信人那里获得个人和财务信息，恶意攻击者发送类似于(looking)合法的电子邮件，看上去这是来自某个最流行的网站。而在无诱饵钓鱼欺骗中，由于它不是一个一个地针对个人，受害方丝毫不会怀疑这些行为，因此会有大量的计算机用户受害(victimized)。其中一种无诱饵钓鱼欺骗的形式是随电子邮件发出的(恶意)代码修改个人计算机上的本机主文件。该主文件将URL转换成计算机访问网站的代码串。拥有修改过主文件的计算机会去假冒的网站，即使用户输入了正确的因特网地址或单击了受影响的书签(bookmark)条目。有些消除间谍软件的程序能纠正此种破坏，但除非用户改变了浏览的习惯(habits signature)，否则它还是会频繁发生的。