阅读下文，完成文后题目。（15分）

愚公移山（节选）

河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠！以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何？”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？”河曲智叟亡以应。

小题1:解释下列划线的词。（4分）

⑴固不可彻（  ）        ⑵子子孙孙无穷匮也（  ）

⑶何苦而不平（  ）      ⑷河曲智叟亡以应（  ）

小题2:用现代汉语写出下面句子的意思。（4分）

⑴寒暑易节，始一反焉。

⑵甚矣，汝之不惠！

小题3:与 “以残年余力”的“以”字意思相同的一项是（  ）。（3分）

A．不以物喜，不以己悲（《岳阳楼记》）

B．以其境过清。《小石潭记》

C．皆以美于徐公（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）

D．以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘。《愚公移山》小题4:从文中画线句子看，你认为愚公“愚”吗？为什么？（4分）

Egyptian wine has an extensive history within the history of Egyptian civilization. Grapes were not (1) to the landscape of Egypt, rather the vines themselves are (2) to have been imported from the Phoenicians, (3) the actual origins remain in (4) . What is known, is that (5) the third millennium BC, Egyptian kings of the first (6) had extensive wine cellars, and wine was used extensively in the temple ceremonies. The main (7) of wine in Egypt, took place between the king, nobles, and the priests in temple ceremonies, and is (8) by numerous painted relief’s, and other (9) evidence. The vineyards of ancient Egypt, were quite different from the modern methods of wine making today. (10) viticulture ( or wine making), ceased to (11) an exclusively ceremonial purpose, the Egyptians began to experiment with simple structures for their vines to train on, (12) found a way to train their vines so they were easy low (13) bushes, and found ways for the soil to (14) more moisture for the vines. Egyptian wine making experiments included the use of different wine presses, adding heat to the must ( the grape juice ready for fermentation) (15) make the wine sweet, and differences in vat types and materials. The (16) finished product of wine, was poured through a cloth filter, and then into earthenware jars, (17) they would be sealed with natural tar and left to (18) . The Egyptians kept accurate records of their vintages, and (19) of their wines, each jar of wine was clearly (20) with it’s own vintage, and quality.

2（）

A.proved

B.believed

C.hypothesized

D.established