问题 计算题

下图是八浮子(编号为1-8)波浪发电机的俯视图。当浮子随着海面波浪向上浮动时,会通过传动装置带动发电机发电。已知每个浮子的重力为20N,体积为0.016m3,若它在水中上浮带动发电机发电时,露出水面的体积为0.004m3,则:

(1)每个浮子上浮带动发电机发电时,受到的浮力是多少牛?

(2)当海浪的波高为3m,起伏周期为6s时,假设浮子沿竖直方向运动,平均每秒每个浮子带动发电机发电时匀速上浮的高度为0.8m,传动装置和发电机的总效率为30%,求:

①每个浮子对与之相连的硬杆产生的竖直向上的推力是多少牛?

②波浪发电机的输出功率是多少瓦?

答案

解:(1)当每个浮子上浮带动发电机发电时,排开水的体积为V=0.016m3-0.004m3=0.012m3

由阿基米德原理可得F=rgV=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×(0.016m3-0.004m3)=120N。

(2)①由于一个浮子的浮力是120N,其重力为20N,对浮子进行受力分析可知,硬杆对浮子的竖直向下的作用力F=FG=120N-20N=100N;由于力的作用是相互的,故浮子对硬杆竖直向上的推力F'=F=100N。

②每秒内8个浮子对硬杆竖直向上的推力所做的总功W=F's×8=100N×0.8m×8=640J;

故波浪发电机输出的电能W=ηW=30%×640J=192J;

波浪发电机输出功率W=192W

分析:(1)该题的题意较新颖,好多条件都隐含在题意中,需要我们去挖掘,欲求每个浮子上浮带动发电机发电时,受到的浮力,由于已知每个浮子的体积,又已知发电时露出水面的体积,故可求出排开水的体积,然后利用阿基米德原理进行求解;(2)由于整个装置有许多的浮子,每个浮子的浮力减去重力,就是硬杆对浮子的作用力,方法向下,由于力的作用是相互的,故浮子对硬杆的作用力的大小与之相等,方向与之相反,它们是相到作用力;(3)波浪发电机的输出功率就是有用功率,它等于发电机的总效率与总功率的乘积,而总功就用浮子对硬杆作用力乘在向上的方向上升的高度而得出,别忘记装置有8个浮子,要用每个浮子的总功乘以8,才是整个装置的总功率。

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Opryland Christmas
Join us in Nashville, Tennessee for a striking country Christmas that’s sure to create wonderful memories! You’ll enjoy four days of entertainment in this beautiful “Music City”.
Dates and Pricing
Nov.28---Dec.1/ Dec.3--6
Price Per Person
 
Traditional Room
Room with Garden Views
Double
$1,097
$1,227
Single
$1,285
$1,405
Itinerary (旅行日程)
Day 1 --- Gaylord Opryland Resort: Welcome to Nashville! Settle in at the Gaylord Opryland Resort, then head out to enjoy its attractions, such as acres of indoor gardens, a waterfall, a recreation of a Delta River Town, Dozens of unique shops and ten restaurants.
Welcome reception included.
Day2 --- Showboat Cruise: Today we’ll board the General Jackson Showboat for a Cumberland River cruise, which includes a pleasant lunch, holiday music and comedy show. This afternoon we take in ICE!, Nashville’s life-sized ice-sculpting exhibit. The hand-carved ice sculptures reach over 25 feet high!
Meals included: breakfast and lunch
Day3 --- Hall of Tress/ Christmas Dinner Party: Choose from a variety of on-site activities today. Look through Treasures for the Holidays --- an art and antiques show, and visit the brilliant Hall of Trees display or relax at the 20,000-sp-foot Spa & Fitness Center.
Tonight you’re in for a real teat --- a special Christmas Dinner & Show. A traditional holiday meal in the joy of the season with traditional Christmas music, dance and song.
Meals included: breakfast and dinner
Day 4 --- Farewell Brunch: Today say good-bye to your new friends with a good-bye brunch at the resort. Before you leave , finish up your Christmas shopping! 25 specialty shops are right here.
Meal included: brunch
Accommodations
Days 1---3 : Gaylord Opryland Resort, Nashville
小题1:If a couple stay in a room with garden views, they have to pay ______.
A.$2,454B.$2,194C.$1,285D.$1,405
小题2:When can the tourists enjoy an art and antiques show?
A.On Day 1.B.On Day 2.C.On Day 3.D.On Day 4.
小题3:What do we know about the tour?
A.it is a tour of adventure.B.If offers three meals per day.
C.It lasts four days and four fights.D.The accommodations won’t change.