问题 论述题

(22分)阅读下面材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

2013年春节前,广东省委省政府为了贯彻落实党中央和国务院关于廉洁政府建设的要求,严格控制“三公消费”,责令各部门取消年夜饭和公费购置花卉等消费。同时保障人民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权,确保国家机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力,让权力在阳光下运行。

请回答:

(1)结合材料,从公民的政治参与角度,谈谈你对政府的权力在阳光下运行的认识。(12分)

(2)结合所学知识,就对加强政府的权力监督和制约提出你的建议。(10分)

答案

(1)①公民享有对涉及公众利益的决策的知情权,这是公民参与民主决策的前提和基础。(2分)拓宽民意反映渠道,是决策机关进行科学决策的重要前提。公民积极参与民主决策有利于推动政府权力运行的公开化和规范化。(2分)

②公民通过信访举报制度、人大代表联系群众制度、舆论监督等合法渠道行使监督权,积极有序的参与民主监督,有利于政府权力在阳光下运行。(4分)

③公民参与政治生活,要依法有序参与,坚持权利和义务相统一的原则,在督促政府的过程中,要了解政府,支持政府的工作。(4分)

(2)①有效制约和监督权力的关键,是建立健全制约和监督机制。(2分)这个机制,一靠民主,二靠法制,二者缺一不可(2分)。

②不断完善我国行政监督体系,加强党的监督、司法机关的监督、社会与公民的监督及行政系统内部监督等(4分)。

③政府要自觉接受人民的监督,建立信息公开制度和公开办事制度,增强政府工作的透明度。(2分)

题目分析:(1)本问知识指向为“公民的政治参”,所以,考生主要应从公民政治参与的方式与原则的角度结合材料进行对应分析。(2)本问实际上是在问如何对政府的权力进行监督和制约,本问比较基础,考生只有教材基础知识掌握扎实,解答本题应该不成问题。本问启示考生要注意加强对基础知识的理解和记忆。

阅读理解

下面文章中有4处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D和E)中选出符合各段意思的小标题, 选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. Early to Bed, Early to Rise

B. Read Challenging Books

C. Relax yourself

D. Minimize Television Watching

E. Take Time to Reflect

Five Simple Ways to Increase Your Intelligence

Your brain needs exercise just like a muscle. If you use it often and in the right ways, you will become a more skilled thinker and increase your ability to focus.  

Here are 5 simple ways anyone can squeeze a bit more productivity out of the old gray matter.

1. __________-This is a hard sell. People love vegetating in front of the television, myself included more often than I’d like. The problem is watching television doesn’t use your mental capacity OR allow it to recharge. It’s like having the energy sapped out of a muscle without the health benefits of exercise.

When you feel like relaxing, try reading a book instead. If you’re too tired, listen to some music. When you’re with your friends or family, leave the tube off and have a conversation. All of these things use your mind more than television and allow you to relax.

Exercise- I used to think that I'd learn more by not exercising and using the time to read a book instead. But I realized that time spent exercising always leads to greater learning because it improves productivity during the time afterwards. Using your body clears your head and creates a wave of energy. Afterwards, you feel invigorated(精力充沛)and can concentrate more easily.

2. __________-Many people like to read popular suspense fiction, but generally these books aren't mentally stimulating. If you want to improve your thinking and writing ability you should read books that make you focus. Reading a classic novel can change your view of the world and will make you think in more precise, elegant English. Don’t be afraid to look up a word if you don’t know it, and don’t be afraid of dense passages. Take your time, re-read when necessary, and you’ll soon grow accustomed to the author’s style.

3. __________-Nothing makes it harder to concentrate than sleep deprivation. You'll be most rejuvenated if you go to bed early and don’t sleep more than 8 hours. If you stay up late and compensate by sleeping late, you’ll wake up lethargic(无精打采)and have trouble focusing. In my experience the early morning hours are the most tranquil and productive. Waking up early gives you more productive hours and maximizes your mental acuity(敏锐)all day.

If you have the opportunity, take 10-20 minute naps when you are hit with a wave of drowsiness. Anything longer will make you lethargic, but a short nap will refresh you.

4. __________-Often our lives get so hectic that we become overwhelmed without even realizing it. It becomes difficult to concentrate because nagging thoughts keep interrupting. Spending some time alone in reflection gives you a chance to organize your thoughts and prioritize your responsibilities. Afterwards, you’ll have a better understanding of what's important and what isn’t. The unimportant stuff won’t bother you anymore and your mind will feel less encumbered.

Conclusion-I hope you aren’t disappointed that none of the techniques I've proposed are revolutionary. But simple, unexciting answers are often the most valid. The challenge is having the will to adhere to them. If you succeed in following these 5 tips, you’ll be rewarded with increased mental acuity and retention of knowledge.

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