问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

男性20岁,发作性抽搐10年,持续抽搐伴神志不清4小时入院。抽时神志不清,双眼上吊,口吐白沫,咬破舌头,四肢强直、阵挛,小便失禁,持续约5~10分钟后自行缓解,每年发作十几次。4小时前劳累后频繁抽搐,神志不清。查体:体温38℃,呼吸25次/分,脉搏102次/分,血压100/60mmHg。中度昏迷,两瞳孔等大等圆,较小约1.5mm,光反射迟钝,四肢疼痛刺激可动,双下肢巴氏征阴性。双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及湿性啰音。

提问:对本患者以下哪项说法正确()

A.癫痫控制发作1~2年后立即停药

B.癫痫控制发作1~2年后药物逐渐减量

C.癫痫控制发作3~5年后立即停药

D.癫痫控制发作3~5年后药物逐渐减量

E.如减量后有复发趋势或EEG有明显恶化,应再恢复原剂量治疗

F.如减量后有复发趋势或EEG有明显恶化,可再继续观察病情

G.如需换药时两种药物应有约1W的重叠用药期

H.如需换药时两种药物无需重叠用药期

答案

参考答案:B, E

解析:GTCS的一线AEDS为:卡马西平、苯巴比安、苯妥英钠、扑痫酮。4.苯妥英钠不良反应有:胃肠道症状,毛发增多,齿龈增生,面容粗糙,小脑征,复视,精神症状,骨髓、肝、心损害,皮疹等。5.苯妥英钠不良反应有:胃肠道症状,毛发增多,齿龈增生,面容粗糙,小脑征,复视,精神症状,骨髓、肝、心损害,皮疹等。6.苯妥英钠不良反应有:胃肠道症状,毛发增多,齿龈增生,面容粗糙,小脑征,复视,精神症状,骨髓、肝、心损害,皮疹等。7.苯妥英钠不良反应有:胃肠道症状,毛发增多,齿龈增生,面容粗糙,小脑征,复视,精神症状,骨髓、肝、心损害,皮疹等。8.癫痫控制发作:全身强直-阵挛性发作、强直性发作、阵挛性发作完全控制4~5年后考虑停药,逐渐减量。失神发作完全控制半年后可考虑停药。

单项选择题 共用题干题
单项选择题

Passage Four

Bringing More Humor and Laughter into Our Lives
在生活中带进更多的幽默和笑声
The sound of roaring laughter is far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. Humor and laughter can cause a domino effect of joy and amusement, as well as set off a number of positive physical effects. Humor and laughter strengthen our immune systems and help us recover from illness, as well as bring joy into our lives. The question is: how do we gain access to this priceless medicine
A good hearty laugh can help
reduce stress
lower blood pressure
elevate mood
boost immune system
improve brain functioning
protect the heart
connect you to others
foster instant relaxation
make you feel good
Humor is a powerful emotional medicine that can lower stress, dissolve anger and unite families in troubled times. Mood is elevated by striving to find humor in difficult and frustrating situations. Laugh at yourselves and the situation helps reveal that small things are not the earth- shaking events they sometimes seem to be. Looking at a problem from a different perspective can make it seem less formidable and provide opportunities for greater objectivity and insight. Humor also helps us avoid loneliness by connecting with others who are attracted to genuine cheerfulness. And the good feeling that we get when we laugh can remain with us as an internal experience even after the laughter subsides.
Mental health professionals point out that humor can also teach perspective by helping patients to see reality rather than the distortion that supports their distress. Humor shifts the ways in which we think, and distress is greatly associated with the way we think. It is not situations that generate our stress, but it is the meaning we place on the situations. Humor adjusts the meaning of an event so that it is not so overwhelming.
Here are some additional things we can do to improve our mood, enjoyment of life and mental health.
Attempt to laugh at situations rather than bemoan them—this helps improve our disposition and the disposition of those around us.
Use cathartic laughter to release pent-up feelings of anger and frustration in socially acceptable ways.
Laugh as a means of reducing tension because laughter is often followed by a state of relaxation.
Lower anxiety by visualizing a humorous situation to replace the view of an anxiety-producing situation
Our work, marriage and family all need humor, celebrations, play and ritual as much as record-keeping and problem-solving. We should ask the questions "Do we laugh together " as well as "Can we get through this hardship together " Humor binds us together, lightens our burdens and helps us keep things in perspective. One of the things that saps our energy is the time, focus and effort we put into coping with life’s problems including each other’s limitations. Our families, our friends and our neighbors are not perfect and neither are our marriages, our kids or our in-laws. When we laugh together, it can bind us closer together instead of pulling us apart.
Remember that even in the most difficult of times, a laugh, or even simply a smile, can go a long way in helping us feel better.
Laughter is a birthright, a natural part of life. The part of the brain that connects to and facilitates laughter is among the first parts of the nervous system to come on line after birth. Infants begin smiling during the first weeks of life and laugh out loud within months of being born. Even if you did not grow up in a household where laughter was a common sound, you can learn to laugh at any stage of life.

Which of the following isn’t laughter compared to

A.a contagious physical function

B.a domino effect

C.an immune system

D.a medicine