问题 问答题

结合实际说明我国国家公务员制度与西方国家公务员制度存在着哪些不同。

答案

参考答案:我国公务员制度具有与西方国家文官制度相同的某些特点,比如:职位分类、统一管理;择优录用,知识和专业并重;强调法制,依法管理;实行功绩制,消除腐败;讲求职业道德,规范服务等。但也有着某些原则性的区别,主要表现在:
(1) 动因不同。西方文官制度是在资本主义社会条件下,为克服资产阶级两党或多党轮流执政所产生的行政弊端,防止官员腐败,保持政府工作的连续性和效能而建立的,最终目的是为了促进资本主义社会的发展;而我国公务员制度的建立,是我国经济建设发展的需要和干部人事制度改革的必然结果,目的是实现行政管理的科学化、法制化,更好地促进社会主义经济的发展。
(2) 基本原则不同。西方文官制度强调“政治中立”,并将对公务员政治行为的限制置于一系列行为规则之首;而我国公务员制度规定,公务员必须坚持四项基本原则,在政治上同党中央保持一致,积极参与国家的政治生活,公务员中的党员要起模范带头作用。
(3) 管理方式不同。西方文官制度是独立于党派之外,由专门机构进行管理。而我国公务员制度的各项具体管理制度都是按党的干部路线、方针、政策制定的。它坚持党管干部原则,强调德才兼备的用人标准,并把政治立场和思想品德放在考核首位。
(4) 服务宗旨和利益关系不同。西方公务员是一独立的利益集团,有专门机构调整其与政府的关系,二者是雇员与雇主的关系;而我国公务员法规定,全心全意为人民服务是公务员的根本宗旨,是国家行政的根本宗旨,并随时接受人民的监督。

选择题
阅读理解
采访中有5处需要添加信息。请从以下选项中(A, B, C, D, E和F)中选出符合各段意思的选项。选项中有一项是多余的。
A.Do established musicians have a responsibility to guide and assist young up-and–coming musicians?
B.Did anyone promote your musical education when you were growing up?
C.What kind of “world music” do you enjoy?
D.What’s your comment on pop music?
E.Does the contemporary music press give jazz the coverage it deserves?
F.What’s wrong with the music on the radio?
An interview with Wynton Marsalis, a noted jazz musician
小题1:_________________________________
There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young.I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art.I knew then I had to work just as hard if I wanted to succeed.Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to nurture my talent and the talents of other students in our school.
小题2:_____________________________
Yes.We’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven’t maintained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs.Young people haven’t been able to equate romance and talent with music.For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good.How they sound is secondary.Sarah Vaughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald — those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn’t make it in today’s music industry, and that’s a shame.We need to teach young people about the alternatives.
小题3:______________________________
Around the world people make music that, if you listen carefully to it, sounds a little like the cadence of their language.I’d call it folk music.When I’m away from home, I make a point of listening to regional folk music, not what’s on the radio.
小题4:_______________________________
The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming.Even the pop music that’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, which underscore funk.As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over.Any music that doesn’t have a development section just isn’t interesting to me.
小题5:_________________________________
The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it.Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don’t cover it unless it’s a big name.New jazz musicians don’t get much of break.A lot of editors don’t say anything about jazz these days unless it’s Marsalis.That’s a shame.What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal.They’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids.It’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.