问题 解答题

如图是人体消化系统模式图,请据图回答问题:

(1)能对蛋白质进行初步消化的器官是______.

(2)分泌的消化液中不含消化酶,但能促进脂肪消化的器官是______.

(3)消化食物和吸收营养物质的主要场所是______.

该场所内有:肝脏分泌的,能够乳化脂肪的______、肠腺分泌的______、⑦______分泌的胰液等消化液.

(4)有吸收功能、无消化功能的器官是______.

(5)能催化蛋白质分解的消化酶来自______、______及______分泌的消化液.

答案

由图可知:图中①肝脏②胆囊③盲肠④阑尾⑤食道⑥胃⑦胰腺⑧小肠.

(1)食物中的蛋白质在⑥胃中开始被初步消化,胃里有胃蛋白酶对蛋白质进行初步消化.

(2)①肝脏是人体最大的消化腺,能够分泌胆汁.分泌的胆汁中不含有消化酶,对脂肪不能进行化学性消化,只能乳化脂肪.

(3)小肠在消化道内最长,长约5-6米;小肠壁的内表面有许多环形皱襞,皱襞上有许多绒毛状的突起,这种突起叫做小肠绒毛.由于环形皱襞和小肠绒毛的存在,使小肠的吸收面积大大增加,可达200平方米以上;小肠绒毛的壁很薄,只有一层上皮细胞构成,而且绒毛中有丰富的毛细血管和毛细淋巴管,这种结构特点有利于小肠吸收营养物质.该场所内有:肝脏分泌的,能够乳化脂肪的胆汁,小肠里有肠液和胰腺分泌的胰液等消化液,是消化的主要场所.

(4)各段消化道的消化能力是不同的:口腔能够初步消化淀粉、胃能够初步消化蛋白质、小肠是消化食物的主要场所,其它各段消化道对食物没有消化能力;消化后的营养物质的吸收也只在部分消化道内进行:小肠是主要的吸收场所,能够吸收大部分的水、无机盐、维生素和全部的氨基酸、葡萄糖、甘油和脂肪酸.胃只能吸收少量的水、无机盐和酒精.大肠是形成粪便的场所,能够吸收少量的水、无机盐和维生素.其他的消化道基本上没有吸收功能.因此在人体消化系统中有吸收无消化功能的器官是大肠.

(5)唾液腺分泌的唾液中含有唾液淀粉酶,能消化淀粉;胃腺分泌胃液,胃液中含有胃蛋白酶,能消化蛋白质;肝脏分泌的胆汁中不含消化酶,但胆汁对脂肪有乳化作用,能把脂肪变成微小颗粒,增加了脂肪与消化酶的接触面积,从而有利于脂肪的消化;肠腺和胰腺分别分泌的肠液、胰液中含有消化糖类、脂肪和蛋白质的酶,能消化糖类、脂肪、蛋白质.因此在消化道内,催化蛋白质分解为可吸收成分的消化液有胃液、肠液、胰液,分别来自胃腺、肠腺、胰腺.

故答案为:(1)胃;(2)肝脏;(3)小肠;胆汁;肠液;胰腺;(4)大肠;(5)胃腺;肠腺;胰腺.

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A vuvuzela is a horn, about a meter long, usually made of a colorful cheap plastic. It is the choice of

noise-makers for South African football fans. When it's blown by thousands of supporters at the same

time, it's loud, very loud. It sounds a bit like and air horn and you can hear it a lot during the 2010 World

Cup.

     The vuvuzela was originally made from a kudu horn and was traditionally used to summon people to

gatherings. But the horn you see at soccer matches in South Africa today originated from a tin horn that

became popular with South African soccer fans around 15 years ago. A sports company began to mass-

produce a plastic version in the South Africa colors, and this is what you see (and hear) at every soccer

match. Now it's become an official symbol of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa and more popular

around the world.

     The vuvuzela will be ubiquitous during the 2010 World Cup. There was a call for FIFA to ban the

vuvuzela during the Confederations Cup that took place in South Africa in June 2009. European joumalists

got into a tizzy(紧张) about the noise. The Guardian reported:"It sounds like extremely terrible." But FIFA

stood its ground, as Mr Blatter, FIFA's president says "Vuvuzelas, drums and singing are part of African

football culture. It is part of their celebration, it is part of their culture, so let them blow the vuvuzelas."

     Adam Carnegie, a graphic artist from Cape Town, founded the Kelp Environmental Learning Project.

The project employs local men and women to collect kelp, dry it and then hand paint colorful designs on it.

The mission is simple. "We want to create jobs, make a noise, make people laugh, remind people to be in

the moment."

     Like most trumpets, getting any noise from a vuvuzela requires significant pursing of the lips and the

ability to blow with force. Your cheeks will be zinging afterward. You can personalize your vuvy blowing

techniques with a lot of practice, but generally it produces one big sound.

1. The vuvuzela ____.

A. is usually made of metal

B. has a length of two and a half feet

C. was first used in a local sports game

D. is one of the official symbols of the 2010 World Cup

2. The underlined word "ubiquitous" in the 3rd paragraph probably means "____".

A. banned

B. heard everywhere

C. extremely expensive

D. strictly limited

3. Why did FIFA stand its ground on the issue of the vuvuzela?

A. Because the vuvuzela is typical of African football culture.

B. Because it is the host country's right to make their choice.

C. Because the vuvuzela will make the 2010 World Cup special.

D. Because more member countries support the use of the vuvuzela.