问题 单项选择题

利福平治疗结核病可引起()。

A.听力障碍、肾损害

B.胃肠道不适

C.末梢神经炎

D.球后视神经炎,视力减退

E.肝功损害,过敏反应

答案

参考答案:E

解析:本题考查常用抗结核药物的注意事项。异烟肼:治疗量的异烟肼不良反应少,毒性少。可发生周围神经病(肌肉痉挛、四肢感觉异常、视神经炎、视神经萎缩等),尤其是嗜酒、糖尿病、肾脏疾病、营养不良的患者。有癫痫、嗜酒、精神病史者慎用。同服维生素B。可防止和减轻周围神经病,50~100mg/d,分1~2次服用。利福平,常见不良反应有消化道症状(恶心、呕吐、食欲不振等),肝功能受损。服药后排泄物呈橘红色。长期大量用药时,不良反应多且严重,如流感样症状、血液系统反应和肝毒性。肝功能不全者慎用,用药期间监测血常规和肝肾功能。是CYP3A的强诱导剂,可加速多种药物的代谢。乙胺丁醇不良反应包括:①球后视神经炎(视力模糊、红绿色盲、视野受限),通常停药后可恢复;需要测定基线的视力和红绿分辨能力,定期评估;②抑制尿酸排泄,可发生高尿酸血症,需要定期监测血尿酸水平;③肝功能损害,注意监测肝功能;④不宜用于13岁以下小儿;⑤与乙硫异烟胺合用可增加不良反应;与氢氧化铝同用能减少本品的吸收;与神经毒性药物合用可增加本品神经毒性。链霉素不良反应包括:①属于氨基糖苷类药,可发生肾毒性、前庭和耳蜗毒性、神经肌肉阻滞;②过敏反应:以皮疹、瘙痒、药物热、嗜酸性粒细胞增多症较多见,偶可引起血管神经性水肿、过敏性出血性紫癜、过敏性休克等;③孕妇禁用,老年及儿童、肾功能不全者应慎用。

单项选择题

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men’s minds decline more than women’s, according to the results of a worldwide survey.

Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain’s files ( helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).

Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.

Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they’re the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.

People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills : matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g. "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.

Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.

The author aims to tell us that().

A.women’s minds perform better than men’s

B.men’s minds decline more with age

C.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older

D.a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently

选择题