问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读李红梅莫小康的短文《跪着工作,却让站立者叹服》,完成问题。

  ①有人这样说他:“这是一个跪着工作的人,却是一个让我们站立者叹服的人!”

  ②阮文凭,一个残疾人,独自撑起了一所学校。1995年,阮老师被分配到广西凌云县下甲乡河洲村弄怀小学当临时代课教师。开学第一天,阮老师兴奋地拄着拐杖,沿着33道螺旋式盘山石阶爬行,4个小时后,来到了弄怀小学。然而,眼前的校舍,残垣断壁,横梁腐裂;学生一个都没有,学校已停办3年。

  ③没有学生,他就到瑶寨一家一家去动员。每天清晨,他拄着拐杖一步一步挪动。正常人1个小时走完的路程,他却要花4个小时。渴了,爬到山沟里喝一捧山泉水;饿了,从衣兜里取出事先准备的生红薯啃上几口;累了,便在路边石阶上靠着休息一会……

  ④终于有5个孩子返回了课堂。虽然不算多,但却给了他一丝安慰:他仿佛看到了15个,50个……弄怀小学,又传出了久违的读书声。

  ⑤在崎岖的山道上,拐杖用不了,他就手脚并用,一步一步地爬着翻山越岭,即使3个小时跪爬半尺厚的积雪,他都没有缺过一次课。有一天晚上,暴雨倾盆,他往学校赶,心一急,一脚踩滑跌向崖边,拐杖也脱了手。他当时真想大哭一场,要是有人扶他一把该多好啊

  ⑥11年,弄怀小学在校生从零发展到84人,当地的适龄儿童入学率达100%。有的学生还从这里起步考上了重点高中。为了这些山里娃,阮文凭倾注了他的全部心血。没有乒乓球台,他自制了一个;没有篮球场,他带领学生整出一块平地,并用父亲卖猪仔的400多元买了篮球圈,用木头做了篮球架和篮球板;没有水,他筹措资金3000多元修建了一口水塘……

  ⑦十几年坚持,滴水汇成河。如今,学校已成为全县同类学校中学生数最多、教学质量最高的学校。最近,邻县姑娘陆兰,被阮老师的事迹所感动,与他一起当起了编外临时代课教师,并对他产生了纯真的爱情。

  ⑧一条山路,一个人,一所学校,就这样紧紧地联系在一起。(选自《人民日报》2008年2月,略有删改)

1.下面对文章理解分析错误的一项是(   )

A.第①段高度赞扬了阮文凭老师身残志坚的崇高精神。

B.第②段划线句子中的数字,生动形象地表现了阮老师开学第一天到弄怀小学时的艰辛。

C.第⑤段划线部分刻画人物形象采用了环境描写、动作描写、语言描写和心理描写的手法。

D.本文选材精当,语言朴实,情感真挚,引起读者的强烈共鸣。

2.第③段主要运用了什么表达方式?请以本段为例,说一说运用此方式的好处。

主要表达方式:_______________________________

例子与好处:_________________________________

3.第④段中说到返校的孩子只有5个,可阮老师却“仿佛看到了15个,50个……”,这样写矛盾吗?请说说你的理解。

_________________________________

4.“十几年坚持,滴水汇成河”这句话在文章的结构上有什么作用?请具体说明。

_________________________________

5.阮老师的事迹感动了许许多多的人。请用你掌握的一句古诗来赞美像阮老师这样默默奉献、无怨无悔的人。

_________________________________

答案

1.C

2.主要表达方式:描写

例子与好处:如“挪动”、“爬”等细节(动作)描写,极力渲染了阮老师行动艰难的情景,突出他意志的顽强。又如“啃”、“靠”等动作(细节)描写,形象地表现了阮老师为动员学生返校而不辞辛劳的场景,体现他的敬业精神。(意思对即可)

3.不矛盾理解:“5个”是实写,“15个,50个……”是虚写,它表达了阮老师希望有更多的孩子能重返校园的心愿以及对未来充满信心的乐观精神。(意思对即可)

4.承上启下(或“过渡”)具体说明:由上文办学之初的艰难至初见成效,转入下文写如今的弄怀小学令人喜悦的现状。

5.答案示例:如“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。”“衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。”“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。”等等。(能体现默默奉献、无怨无悔等方面的诗句即可)

阅读理解

When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.

However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.

People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment,a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick,but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage,and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.

Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.

Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.

小题1:Warneken and his partners worked with ________.

A.young chimpanzee that live on an island

B.18-month-old children who live in Germany

C.kids who are living with adult chimpanzees

D.adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain小题2:A new study in Germany suggests that ________.

A.people also share information for good reason

B.children know something at the age of 18 months

C.chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too

D.humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago小题3: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one

B.No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done

C.The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments

D.Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward小题4:From the passage we know that ________.

A.both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others

B.chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees

C.children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways

D.both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments

多项选择题