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过剩空气系数的意义

答案

参考答案：

过剩空气系数是一项锅炉热效率的重要指标。

a过小，空气供应不足，燃烧不充分。浪费燃料，炉子效率低。

a过大，如炉空气量过多，降低了炉膛温度，烟气带走的热量增多，效率较低。

问答题

2002年4月，原告电力公司与被告喜洋洋食品有限公司(以下简称“喜洋洋严)发生了一笔果冻条购销生意，后“喜洋洋”拖欠电力公司25万贷款。“喜洋洋”的拖欠理由是：公司已经停止生产经营。无法偿还各项债务。后来，电力公司发现：“喜洋洋”系台商独资企业，于1991年由被告谢得财投资成立，法定代表人为谢得财，永昌荣食品有限公司也为台商独资企业，于 1993年11月由谢得财投资成立，法定代表人也是谢得财，同时这两家公司经营地址、电话号码、组织机构和从业人员完全相同。电力公司认为，谢得财掏空《喜洋洋》将财产完全转移到永昌荣来逃债，为此，电力公司将谢得财、《喜洋洋》、永昌荣全告上法庭，要求三被告共同偿还25万元及利息。
经庭审及各方取证后查明：永昌荣设立至今，从未实际开展生产经营活动，也无机器设备，名下的土地、厂房以及两部汽车均由《喜洋洋》无偿使用，日常费用则由《喜洋洋》支付。两公司的财物账簿虽分别立账，但是均由《喜洋洋》的会计人员负责制作，且永昌荣本身从未发放过工资。1998年永昌荣向银行贷款100万元，其中部分由《喜洋洋》使用，至2002年才由《喜洋洋》代为还清全部贷款。2002年底，《喜洋洋》用永昌荣名下的土地、厂房作为抵押担保，再向银行贷款100万元。《喜洋洋》在2002年度共从其账户转出433400元到永昌荣的账户用于偿还永昌荣的银行贷款本息。且这两家公司的唯一投资者谢得财在经营期间也挪用、侵占喜洋洋得财产至少在72万元以上，全部作为个人债务和交通肇事的赔款。
运用你所掌握的法律制度和法学理论，谈谈你对该案的看法。
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The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people’s and nation’s wants. The problem we are faced with is that our (1) , here identified as money, are (2) . The only way we can resolve our (3) is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (4) and identify the things we need (5) , those we can postpone, and (6) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics — deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest (7) of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country’s population (8) , the need for more goods and services grows (9) . Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are (10) enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a (11) . Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation (12) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find (13) of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (14) abundance that economists had no concern about (15) of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in (16) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers’ extra costs, and (17) tax-payers who pay for the government’s involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are (18) . Only by effort and money can they be (19) in the form people wish.
Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to (20) unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
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