问题 问答题 简答题

定喘汤与苏子降气汤均有降气平喘之功,两方在组成、功用及主治证有何异同?

答案

参考答案:

定喘汤与苏子降气汤虽均为肺气上逆的痰喘证而设,且均有降气平喘之功,然两方在组成、功用及主治证上均有不同。

在组成上,两方虽均用了苏子、半夏、甘草,但定喘汤另配有麻黄解表宣肺,白果敛肺化痰,黄芩、桑皮清泻肺热,杏仁、款冬花降气平喘,融宣、降、清、敛于一方。苏子降气汤则配伍厚朴、前胡以降气化痰,下气平喘;并有当归、肉桂以温养下元,纳气定喘,诸药相合,治上顾下,标本兼治。

在功用上,两方均具有化痰降逆平喘的作用,但定喘汤以宣开与清降并用,发散与收敛兼施,侧重于清化痰热,兼有解表散寒宣肺之用;苏子降气汤则降气祛痰,止咳平喘,治痰涎壅盛于肺的上实为主,兼有温肾纳气的作用,以顾下元之虚。

在主治证上,两方均以痰喘为证,但定喘汤适用于风寒外束,痰热内蕴的哮喘。症见咳喘痰多气急,痰稠色黄,或微恶风寒,舌苔黄腻,脉滑数等。苏子降气汤则适用于痰涎壅肺,肾阳不足之上实下虚的喘咳短气,胸膈满闷,兼有腰痛脚弱,肢体倦怠,舌苔白滑或白腻等证。

阅读理解

Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and widely loved silent movie stars. From “Easy Street” (1917) to “Modern Times” (1936), he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time. He was best known for his character, the naive and lovable Little Tramp. The Little Tramp, a well meaning man in a raggedy suit with cane, always found himself wobbling into awkward situations and strangely wobbling away. More than any other figure, it is this kind-hearted character that we associate with the time before the talkies (sound films).

Born in London in 1889, Chaplin first visited America with a theater company in 1907. Appearing as “Billy” in the play “Sherlock Holmes”, the young Chaplin toured the country twice. On his second tour, he met Mack Sennett and was signed to Keystone Studios to act in films. In 1914 Chaplin made his first one-reeler, “Making a Living”. That same year he made thirty-four more short films, including “Caught in a Cabaret”, “Caught in the Rain”, “The Face on the Bar-Room Floor”, and “His Trysting Place”. These early silent shorts allowed very little time for anything but physical comedy, and Chaplin was a master at it.

Though Chaplin is of the silent movie era, we see his achievements carried through in the films of today. With the appearance of the feature-length talkies, the need for more subtle acting became apparent. To maintain the audience’s attention throughout a six-reel film, an actor needed to move beyond constant comedy. Chaplin had demanded this depth long before anyone else. His strictness and concern for the processes of acting and directing made his films great and led the way to a new, more sophisticated, cinema.

小题1:Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A.“The little Tramp” was the only character that Charlie Chaplin acted.

B.Charlie Chaplin signed to Keystone Studios in 1906.

C.Charlie Chaplin made five short films in 1914.

D.Charlie Chaplin has a great effect on today’s sound film.小题2:What is the right order according to the passage?

a. Charlie Chaplin made the film “ Easy Street”.

b. The film “Caught in the rain” was made.

c. Charlie Chaplin first visited America.

d. Charlie Chaplin met Mack Sennett.

e. “Modern Times” was made.

A. d, c, a, e, b         B d, c, b, a, e           C. c, d, b, a, e          D. c, d, a, b, e

小题3:Which word can best describe Charlie Chaplin according to the passage?

A.lovable

B.kind-hearted

C.strict

D.awkward小题4:What do you think is the passage about?

A.Life of Chaplin

B.Works of Chaplin

C.Characters of Chaplin

D.An introduction of Chaplin

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