问题 阅读理解

Dear NMAI(National Museum of the American Indian) Supporter,

Old stereotypes(思维定式) die hard. And when it comes to the way Native Americans have been viewed throughout history and continue to be viewed today, the stories about life in Indian Country are sadly overshadowing the truths. Most Native Americans don't live in tipis(圆锥形帐篷), and we don't greet one another by saying,  “How.”

To combat misconceptions like these, I need help from people who understand there's more to Native American cultures than the offensive cartoons that you see in movies and television.

I think that you might be one of these people.

Please join NMAI today and enjoy exclusive benefits like our full-color quarterly magazine American Indian, and Members-only discounts at all Smithsonian, NMAI Museum Stores, and at our Zagat-rated Mitsitam Native Foods Café.

Plus, through this email, you can take advantage of our special price of $22-more than 10% off our regular membership charge.

With your support, the National Museum of the American Indian can tell the story both past and present of Native life and culture in North, Central, and South America.

In just one visit to either of our Museums in Washington, DC, or New York City, you can watch a performance by traditional Native dancers... attend a lecture by a leading voice from the world of Native literature... spend an afternoon taking an informative audio tour of the Museum's distinctive grounds... and try your hand at Native crafts like pottery and beadwork. And for those who are unable to visit the museums in person, much of our extensive collection of more than 800,000 objects is cateloged on our website.

Only with your generosity can we share the Native story, awaken children to an interest in Native culture, and bring the Museum experience to people who can't travel to our Museums in person.

By joining the Museum today, you will take the first step in putting an end to the old stereotypes and long-held prejudices that have contributed to an incomplete picture of Native traditions and accomplishments.

Sincerely,

Kevin Gover

Director

小题1:What is the author's intention in writing this letter?

A.To call for more people to join in volunteer work.

B.To carry out researches on Native Americans.

C.To invite more people to be members of the museum.

D.To raise more donations for the museum.小题2:Which of the following statements describes the life and culture of Native Americans correctly?

A.They are good at pottery and beadwork.

B.Most of them live in tipis.

C.They greet others by saying, “How.”

D.They like designing offensive cartoons.小题3:If you join NMAI, you can enjoy the following benefits except ________.

A.free full-color quarterly magazine American Indian

B.Members-only discounts at all Smithsonian

C.Members-only discounts for buying in NMAI Museum Stores

D.a free meal at Zagat-rated Mitsitam Native Foods Café小题4:Regular membership fee  of the NMAI is about ________.

A.$30

B.$20

C.$15

D.$25

答案

小题1:C

小题2:A

小题3:D

小题4:D

这是一个吸引人们加入会员的广告。

小题1:推理判断题,根据第五段Please join NMAI today and enjoy exclusive benefits like our full-color quarterly magazine American Indian, and Members-only discounts at all Smithsonian, NMAI Museum Stores, and at our Zagat-rated Mitsitam Native Foods Café可知,文章是邀请人们成为会员。

小题2:事实细节题,根据倒数第三段and try your hand at Native crafts like pottery and beadwork可知,这是当地的特色活动。

小题3:事实细节题,根据第五段可知,D选项应该是享受打折,而不是免费。

小题4:推理判断题,根据Plus, through this email, you can take advantage of our special price of $22-more than 10% off our regular membership charge可知,22元是九折的价格,所以全价是25元。

填空题

果蝇是遗传学研究中一种重要的实验材料,请回答下列相关问题:

(1)果蝇与人相似,均属于____型性别决定。上表列出了人、果蝇的性染色体组成与性别的关系。由表可知,Y染色体只在____(填“人”或“果蝇”)的性别决定中起主导作用。

(2)果蝇的灰身(B)对黑身(b)为显性,基因位于常染色体上;红眼(R)对白眼(r)为显性,基因位于X染色体上。若表现型均为红眼灰身的雌、雄果蝇交配,后代出现了红眼灰身、红眼黑身、白眼灰身、白眼黑身四种表现型。问:

①.两亲本的基因型为:雌_________,雄_________。

②.雄性亲本产生的精子的基因型为_________,其比例为_________。

(3)自然界中的果蝇雌雄个体中都有一些个体为黄翅、一些个体为灰翅,不知道黄翅和灰翅的显隐性关系,但已知该性状受一对等位基因控制。请你设计一个通过两对杂交实验(提示:一对为正交,一对为反交)来判断这对等位基因是位于常染色体上还是X染色体上的方案。

正反交实验:正交____________;反交_____________。

推断和结论:___________________________________。

(4)遗传学上将染色体上某一区段及其带有的基因一起丢失,从而引起的变异叫缺失,缺失杂合子的生活力降低但能存活,缺失纯合子(雄性个体X染色体片段缺失也视为缺失纯合子)常导致个体死亡。现在一红眼雄果蝇XAY与一白眼雌果蝇XaXa杂交,子代中出现一只白眼雌果蝇。请采用两种方法判断这只白眼雌果蝇的出现是由于缺失造成的,还是由于基因突变引起的

方法一:_______________________________________。

方法二:_______________________________________。

单项选择题