问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的作品,完成小题。

通往田野的小巷   

刘亮程

①顺着一条巷子往前走,经过铁匠铺、馕坑、烧土陶的作坊,不知不觉地,便进入一片果园或苞谷地。八九月份,白色、红色的桑椹斑斑点点熟落在地。鸟在头顶的枝叶间鸣叫,巷子里的人家静悄悄的。很久,听见一辆毛驴车的声音,驴蹄滴达滴达地点踏过来,毛驴小小的,黑色,白眼圈,宽长的车排上铺着红毡子,上搭红布凉棚。赶车的多为小孩和老人,坐车的,多是些丰满漂亮的女人,服饰艳丽,爱用浓郁香水,一路过去,留香数里,把鸟的头都熏晕了。如果不是赶集日,老城的热闹仅在龟兹古渡两旁,饭馆、商店、清真寺、手工作坊,以及桥上桥下的各种民间交易。这一块是库车老城跳动不息的古老心脏,它的头颅如清真大寺般昼夜高昂,它的手臂时时背在身后,它的双腿埋在千年尘土里,不再迈动半步。

②库车城外的田野更像田野,田地间野草果树杂生。不像其他地方的田野,是纯粹的庄稼世界。

③在城郊乌恰乡的麦田里,芦苇和种类繁多的野草,长得跟麦子一样旺势。高大的桑树杏树耸在麦田中间。白杨树挨挨挤挤围拢四周,简直像一个植物乐园。桑树、杏树虽高大繁茂,却不欺麦子。它的根直扎下去,不与麦子争夺地表层的养分。在它的庞大树冠下,麦子一片油绿。

④有人说,南疆的维吾尔农民懒惰,地里长满了草。我倒觉得,这跟懒没关系,而是一种生存态度。在许多地方,人们已经过于勤快,把大地改变得不像样子,只适合人自己居住。他们忙忙碌碌,从来不会为一只飞过头顶的鸟想一想,它会在哪儿落脚?它的食物和水在哪里?还有那些对他们没有用处的野草,全铲除干净,虫子消灭光。在那里,除了人吃的粮食,土地再没有生长万物的权利。

⑤人只有缓慢下来,才会很从容地想想人之外的其他事情。人已经远远地走到其他生命前面了,完全没理由再急死忙慌地奔跑了。停下来,至少,放慢些脚步。

⑥库车农民的生活就像他们的民歌一样缓慢悠长。那些毛驴,一步三个蹄印地走在千年乡道上,驴车上的人悠悠然然,再长的路,再要紧的事也是这种走法。不管太阳什么时候出来,又什么时候落山。田地里的杂草,就在他们的缓慢与悠然间,生长出来,长到跟麦子一样高,一样结饱籽粒。

在这片田野里,一棵草可以放放心心地长到老而不必担心被人铲除。一棵树也无须担忧自己长错位置,只要长出来,就会生长下去。人的粮食和毛驴爱吃的杂草长在同一块地里。鸟在树枝上做窠,在树下的麦田捉虫子吃,有时也啄食半黄的麦粒,人睁一眼闭一眼。库车的麦田里没有麦草人,鸟连真人都不怕,敢落到人帽上,敢把窝筑在一伸手就够到的矮树枝上。

⑧一年四季,田野的气息从那些弯曲的小巷吹进老城。杏花开败了,麦穗扬花;桑子熟落时,葡萄下架。靠农业养活,以手工谋生的库车老城,它的每一条巷子都通往果园和麦地。沿着它的每一条土路都走回到过去。毛驴车,这种古老可爱的交通工具,悠悠晃晃,载着人们,在这块绿洲上,一千年一千年地,原地打转,永远都跑不快,跑不了多远,也永远不要跑多快多远。

⑨不远的绿洲之外,是荒无人烟的戈壁沙漠。

小题1:文章开头描写库车老城有何作用?(6分)

小题2:理解下列句中加点词在文中的含义(4分)

有人说,南疆的维吾尔农民懒惰

在许多地方,人们已经过于勤快

小题3:请简要赏析文中画线的句子。(4分)

小题4:结合全文,请探究作者的情感取向。(6分)

答案

小题1:内容上:写出老城安静、古朴的特点,(2分)表现了老城人顺应自然的生存态度;(1分)结构上:点题;(1分)引出下文对田野的描写;(1分)与最后一段形成对比。(1分)

小题2:懒惰:不清理庄稼地里的杂草;勤快:改造田地,铲除一切妨碍粮食生产的生物。(每点2分,意思相近即可)

小题3:运用拟人的修辞手法,(1分)生动形象地写出了田野里植物自然生长的状态,(1分)突出了老城人顺应自然的生存态度。(2分)

小题4:

(1)对老城缓慢悠然生活状态的喜爱;(2)对老城人顺应自然(尊重自然、守护自然)的生存态度的赞赏;(3)对快节奏生活的反思;(4)对人与自然和谐共处的生存状态的向往。

小题1:

题目分析:回答这个问题,需要从结构和内容两个方面入手。内容方面,渲染环境和烘托人物。结构方面,点扣题目,引出下文。

小题2:

题目分析:这道题目要结合上下文的语境来正确揣摩重点词语的含意。

小题3:

题目分析:赏析重点语句的解题思路是分析表现手法+揣摩阐释句意。

小题4:

题目分析:通读全文,可以概括出四个方面,答出其中三点即可。

阅读理解

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单项选择题