问题 论述题

(10分)历史是客观存在的,一个遗失了历史记忆的民族是没有前途的民族。2014年2月27日,全国人大常委经表决通过,决定将9月3日确定为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日,将12月13日设立为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 设定战争胜利纪念日,举行国家公祭悼念在战争或重大惨案中死难的本国国民,在国际上已是惯例。放眼望去,各国同二战有关的法定纪念日数不胜数,如诺曼底登陆纪念日、奥斯维辛集中营解放纪念日、俄罗斯卫国战争胜利纪念日等。在我国,抗战胜利纪念日虽然很早就有,但一直停留在行政规定层面;南京大屠杀纪念活动虽然年年都举行,但都在地方举行,很少在全国范围内举行。

材料二 中国历史有过恢弘灿烂的华章,更有过百余年山河破碎、血泪斑斑的痛楚。日本帝国主义的侵略铁蹄,将中 * * 近现代的悲剧推向顶点,惨绝人寰的南京大屠杀,正是其中最黑暗、最屈辱的一幕。中国人民在中 * * 党的领导下,大力弘扬民族精神,经过艰苦卓绝的抗战、奋起抗争并最终赢得胜利。正视那段历史,以更高规格、更固定的平台对先烈、英雄及死难同胞祭之以礼,表达永不磨灭的纪念,也是一种精神上的成熟。

(1)运用文化生活知识说明设立上述两个纪念日的意义。(4分)

(2)请你运用政治生活知识,说明材料中两个纪念日的设立对公民和政府分别有何启示。(6分)

答案

(1)设立两个纪念日,有助于传承并弘扬以爱国主义为核心,团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的民族精神,有助于增强民族凝聚力,铸造中 * * 的精神支柱,团结全国各族人民致力于建设中国特色社会主义;(2分)有助于增强文化自觉和文化自信,推动社会主义核心价值体系的建设,提高整个民族的思想道德修养和科学文化修养。(2分)

(2)公民:自觉履行维护国家统一和民族团结,维护国家安全、荣誉和利益等义务;(1分)有序参与政治生活,关注我国在国际社会中的地位和作用。(1分)

政府:履行保障人民民主和维护国家长治久安职能,履行组织社会主义经济建设职能,履行组织社会主义文化建设职能,履行提供社会公共服务职能;(2分)以经济建设为中心,推动科学发展、民族团结,增强以经济和科技为基础的综合国力;(1分)坚定不移地实行独立自主的和平外交政策,维护我国的国家利益。(1分)

题目分析:

(1)本题的设问指向是说明设立上述两个纪念日的意义,属于意义类的解答题。考生在回答时,根据材料中的两个纪念日的主题都是牢记历史、展望未来,因此设立这两个纪念日的文化意义主要体现为对民族精神的传承弘扬以及对社会主义文化建设的意义,考生只要围绕这两方面内容阐有利于弘扬民族精神,增强凝聚力,也有利于增强文化自觉与自信,提高全民族的思想道德修养的角度分析说明。

(2)本题的设问指向说明材料中两个纪念日的设立对公民和政府分别有何启示,属于启示类的解答题。设问问的主体是公民和政府。所以考生要从两个角度分析说明。从公民的角度可以可调用公民的政治性义务的知识进行分析说明;从政府的角度,考生可以调用政府职能、增强综合国力的、我国的外交政策等知识进行分析说明即可。

单项选择题
阅读理解

The Sauna World Championships (世界桑拿锦标赛) ended in tragedy at the weekend when one of the two finalists collapsed and died. Vladimir Ladyzhenskiy, a Russian amateur wrestler in his 60s, suffered severe burns in the bizarre(怪诞的) annual event in the southern Finnish town of Heinola. He was pronounced dead late on Saturday after he collapsed alongside reigning (卫冕) champion Timo Kaukonen of Finland roughly six minutes into the final round. The “sport” calls on participants to sit in a 230-degree (110 Celsius) room as water was tossed onto a searing stove, officials and witnesses said. Medical workers pulled both men out of the sauna in front of nearly 1,000 horrified spectators.

Both were shaking and bleeding from what appeared to be severe burns, said Hakon Eikesdal, a photographer with the Norwegian daily Dagbladet. Kaukonen, about 40, was in hospital in stable condition Sunday, contest spokesman Ossi Arvela said. The event, which had over 130 participants from 15 countries, had been held since 1999. It will never be held again, Arvela said. A pint of water is added to the stove every 30 seconds and the last person to remain at the sauna is the winner. There was no prize other than “some small things” Arvela said. He declined to provide details. Arvela said Kaukonen — the defending world champion — had refused to leave the sauna despite getting sick. Sauna bathing is a popular past-time in Finland, which has an estimated 1.6 million saunas for a population of 5 million.

Temperatures are normally kept around 158 to 176 degrees (70~80 degrees Celsius). “I know this is very hard to understand to people outside Finland who are not familiar with the sauna habit,” Arvela said. “It is not so unusual to have 110 degrees in a sauna. A lot of competitors before have sat in higher temperatures than that.” Arvela said all rules in Saturday’s competition were followed and the temperatures and times were similar to those in previous years.

小题1:Which of the following is True of Paragraph 1?

A.Only the Russian amateur wrestler suffered severe burns in the Sauna World Championships.

B.Timo Kaukonen won a world sauna championship though he was badly burned.

C.In the Sauna World Championships Vladimir Ladyzhenskiy was badly burned and then died.

D.Both of the finalists were pulled out of the sauna, then they were horrified to death.小题2:The underlined word “searing” means “__________”.

A.burning

B.comfortable

C.warm

D.extinct小题3:What can we conclude from the situation after the tragedy?

A.There was no prize other than “some small things”, which the world champion would refuse to accept.

B.Ossi Arvela suggested there were great risks in the sauna contest and it never be held in the future.

C.The contest would be continued in which the temperatures were kept around 158 to 176 degrees.

D.It was unusual to have 110 degrees in a sauna and it was hard to understand to some people outside.小题4:We can infer from the news that ___________.

A.sauna is so popular that there are often competitions on weekdays in Finland.

B.the temperatures in usual saunas are too high for most people to stand in Finland.

C.the sauna contest is much too horrible even for the spectators in Finland.

D.there is a sauna for more than three people on average in Finland.