问题 实验题

碘是重要的无机化工原料,海藻灰化法是我国目前制碘的主要方法。某研究性学习小组查阅文献,设计并进行了以下模拟实验。

请回答:

(1)步骤①中灼烧海带用到的实验仪器是______________________(填序号)。

a. 试管            b. 坩埚             c. 烧杯

(2)步骤③的实验操作是_______________________。

(3)步骤④中反应的离子方程式是_____________________________________。

(4)步骤⑤中,可以选择的有机溶剂是__________________(填序号)。

a. 乙酸    b. 四氯化碳    c. 酒精    d. 苯

(5)同学们观察到完成步骤⑤后,所得到的水溶液呈淡黄色。某同学推断其中可能含有碘单质,检验方法是: __________________________________________________________________________。

(6)因过量的Cl2会与I2反应,所以步骤④中加入的氯水应保持适量。为证明此说法,某同学做如下实验:取少量碘水,滴加氯水,观察到碘水逐渐褪色,经检验生成物含有IO3。该反应的化学方程式是_________________________________。

答案

(9分)(1)b(1分)(2)过滤(1分) (3)Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2(2分)

(4)bd(1分,错选为0分,少选为0.5分)

(5)取少量溶液于试管中,滴入几滴淀粉溶液,若溶液呈蓝色,证明溶液中还含有I2

(2分,取样、试剂、现象、结论各0.5分,若试剂错为0分)

(6) (2分)

题目分析:(1)固体灼烧需要在坩埚中进行,所以步骤①中灼烧海带用到的实验仪器是坩埚,答案选b。

(2)步骤③的的目的是分离出灰渣和含有碘离子碘溶液,所以实验操作是过滤。

(3)氯水具有强氧化性,能把碘离子氧化生成单质碘,反应的离子方程式是Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2

(4)步骤⑤是萃取,萃取适合于溶质在不同溶剂中的溶解性不同而分离的一种方法,选用的萃取剂的原则是:①和原溶液中的溶剂互不相溶更不能发生化学反应;②溶质在该溶剂中溶解度要远大于原溶剂。乙酸和乙醇都是与水互溶的,所以可以选择的有机溶剂是苯和四氯化碳,答案选bd。

(5)因为单质碘能和淀粉发生显色反应,而使显蓝色,据此可以鉴别。即取少量溶液于试管中,滴入几滴淀粉溶液,若溶液呈蓝色,证明溶液中还含有I2

(6)经检验生成物含有IO3,即单质碘被氧化生成了IO3,而还原产物是氯化氢,所以反应的离子方程式是5Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HCl。

点评:该题是高考中的常见题型,属于中等难度的试题。试题易碘的提取为载体,涉及仪器的选择、物质的分离和提纯、方程式的书写、萃取剂的选择以及单质碘的检验,有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,增强学生的学习积极性。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Mrs. Amatuli was my teacher in the fourth grade. One day at lunch time,I was getting ready to eat my same old tuna fish(金枪鱼)sandwich and suddenly Mrs. Amatuli asked me if she could buy my sandwich from me. She explained that I could use the money to buy a hot lunch from the cafeteria.

I was thrilled. I never bought my lunch at the cafeteria. It was too expensive for my family,and I always carried my lunch and brought the bag back home to use again the next day. My sandwiches were either bologna(大香肠)or tuna fish. It rarely varied beyond that.

You can understand my delight when I had the opportunity to buy a hot lunch.

When we finished lunch that day. Mrs. Amatuli took me aside and said she wanted to explain why she had bought my sandwich. I really didn’t care why, but it gave me a few minutes of her precious attention so I was very quiet as she explained. You see,she was Catholic and she told me that Catholics didn’t eat red meat on Fridays—they ate fish on Fridays.

Oh,I couldn’t wait to get home and tell my mama that from now on 1 wanted tuna fish on Fridays. After my mama understood why,she gladly fixed tuna fish for me on Fridays. She even fixed it on brown bread because she knew Mrs. Amatuli liked brown bread. From then on. every Friday I could get in line with the rest of the kids for a hot lunch. I didn’t care how many of the kids complained about cafeteria food—it tasted divine to me!

I realize now that Mrs. Amatuli could have fixed herself a tuna sandwich of Friday. But she bought my sandwich because she saw a 1ittle girl who was thrilled over the simple act of having a hot lunch.

I will never forget her for her compassion and generosity and what I should do is to follow her example.

小题1:Mrs.Arnatuli bought the writer’s sand wish because_____________.

A.she was tired of cafeteria food

B.she hated getting in line with kids

C.she didn’t eat red meat on Friday

D.she wanted to show care to the writer小题2:What can we learn about the cafeteria food?

A.It was terrific.

B.It was terrible.

C.The writer enjoyed it.

D.Most kids were fond of it.小题3:The underlined word "divine" in Paragraph 5 means___________.

A.perfect

B.sweet

C.unpleasant

D.special小题4:Which of the following can best show the theme of this text?

A.It is hard to please all.

B.Better to give than to receive.

C.Love makes the world go around.

D.The more you offer,the more you are rewarded.