问题 开放性试题

2014年被称为中国全面深化改革的“元年”,“改革”是2014年政府工作报告最大的一个亮点,77次在政府工作报告中出现的“改革”凸显了深化改革的主旋律。

“改革是最大的红利。当前改革已进入攻坚期和深水区,必须紧紧依靠人民群众,以壮士断腕的决心、背水一战的气概,冲破思想观念的束缚,突破利益固化的藩篱,以经济体制改革为牵引,全面深化各领域改革。”

(1)为什么要“以壮士断腕的决心、背水一战的气概”全面深化改革?(4分)

“建立从生产加工到流通消费的全过程监管机制、社会共治制度和可追溯体系,健全从中央到地方直至基层的食品药品安全监管体制。严守法规和标准,用最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责,坚决治理餐桌上的污染,切实保障‘舌尖上的安全’。”

(2)“用最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责,坚决治理餐桌上的污染,切实保障‘舌尖上的安全’”说明了什么?(6分)

“民惟邦本,本固邦宁。政府工作的根本目的,是让全体人民过上好日子。要坚持建机制、补短板、兜底线,保障群众基本生活,不断提高人民生活水平和质量。就业是民生之本,努力实现更加充分、更高质量就业,使劳动者生活更加体面、更有尊严。收入是民生之源,要深化收入分配体制改革,努力缩小收入差距。社保是民生之基,让每一个身处困境者都能得到社会关爱和温暖。”

(3)请你为《报告》中所强调的“就业”、“收入”、“社保”三项民生改革举措分别提出两条合理化建议。(6分)

答案

(1)①改革是我国社会发展的直接动力。通过改革,完善和发展了社会主义制度,给社会注入了生机和活力,极大地调动了广大人民群众的积极性、主动性和创造性,使社会生产力得到了极大的解放,国家经济得到了迅速的发展。②改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,是发展中国特色社会主义、实现中 * * 伟大复兴的必由之路。(4分)

(2)我国现阶段食品安全形势严峻,影响经济社会的持续健康发展;党和政府关注民生,积极落实以人为本的科学发展观,中 * * 党始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益;我国坚持依法治国的基本方略,尊重

(3)“就业”:坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策;优化就业创业环境;对下岗工人进行免费技能培训;鼓励和扶持自主创业、自谋职业等。(答出其中两点即可得2分)

“收入”:坚持共同富裕的原则,坚持和完善以按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的分配制度;形成合理有序的收入分配格局,尽快扭转收入差距扩大的趋势;保护合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,多渠道增加低收入者收入,不断扩大中等收入者比重,充分调动人们的劳动积极性;使城乡居民收入与经济发展同步增长,广大人民群众普遍感受到实惠等。(答出其中两点即可得2分)

“社保”:建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度;推进养老保险、社会救助制度建设,建立统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度;提高城乡低保标准;完善住房保障机制,推进公租房和廉租房并轨运行;推进医疗改革,推行城乡居民大病保险;完善失业保险制度等。(答出其中两点即可得2分)

题目分析:(1)本题是要回答“为什么要深化改革?”,结合所学知识回答改革的原因和意义即可,即为:改革是我国社会发展的直接动力。通过改革,完善和发展了社会主义制度,给社会注入了生机和活力,极大地调动了广大人民群众的积极性、主动性和创造性,使社会生产力得到了极大的解放,国家经济得到了迅速的发展。改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,是发展中国特色社会主义、实现中 * * 伟大复兴的必由之路。等等。

(2)治理餐桌上的污染,切实保障‘舌尖上的安全’”,是要保证人民群众的饮食安全,保护人民群众的生命健康,所以可以看出党和国家对民生、对人民生命健康权的重视,体现了人民的利益高于一切,所以可以看出党和政府积极落实以人为本的科学发展观,中 * * 党始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益等等,“最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚”体现了我国坚持依法治国的基本方略等等,据此整理回答即可。

(3)本题是要求对“就业”、“收入”、“社保”三项民生改革,分别提两条建议,所以就每个内容而言,都是两条建议,是“为《报告》”的内容,所以应该是给国家提建议。从“就业”上来说,国家需要积极的就业政策;优化就业创业环境;对下岗工人进行免费技能培训;鼓励和扶持自主创业等等;从“收入”的角度来说,国家需要坚持和完善以按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的分配制度;形成合理有序的收入分配格局,尽快扭转收入差距扩大的趋势;保护合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,多渠道增加低收入者收入等等;从“社保”方面来说,国家需要建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度;推进养老保险、社会救助制度建设,建立统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度;提高城乡低保标准,推进医疗改革等等。

完形填空

请阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

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