问题 问答题

无忧公司为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%。材料按计划成本计价核算。A材料计划单位成本为每公斤10元。该企业2010年8月份有关资料如下:

(1)“原材料”账户月初余额40000元,“材料成本差异”账户月初贷方余额504.16元,“材料采购”账户月初借方余额10600元,核算的是已经付款的A材料1000公斤的实际成本(上述账户核算的均为A材料)。

(2)8月5日,企业上月已付款的A材料1000公斤如数收到,已验收入库。

(3)8月15日,从甲公司购入A材料6000公斤,增值税专用发票注明的材料价款为

59000元,增值税额10030元,企业已用银行存款支付上述款项,材料尚未到达。

(4)8月20日,从甲公司购入的A材料到达,验收入库时发现短缺40公斤,经查明为途中定额内损耗。按实收数量验收入库。

(5)8月30日,汇总本月发料凭证,本月共发出A材料7000公斤,全部用于产品生产。

要求:

根据上述资料(1)~(5)编制相关的会计分录,并计算本月材料成本差异率、本月发出材料应负担的成本差异及月末库存材料的实际成本。

答案

参考答案:

(1)8月5日收到材料时: 借:原材料  10 000  材料成本差异  600  贷:材料采购  10 600

(2)8月15日购入材料时: 借:材料采购 59 000  应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额) 10 030  贷:银行存款 69 030

(3)8月20日收到8月15日购入的材料时: 借:原材料 59 600  贷:材料采购 59 000  材料成本差异 600

(4)8月30日计算材料成本差异率和发出材料应负担的材料成本差异额,编制相关会计分录: 材料成本差异率=(-504.16+600-600)÷(40 000+10 000+59 600)=-0.46%

发出材料应负担的材料成本差异=70 000×(-0.46%)=-322(元)

借:生产成本 70 000   贷:原材料 70 000 借:材料成本差异 322  贷:生产成本 322

(5)月末结存材料的实际成本=(40 000+10 000+59 600-70 000)-(504.16-322)=39 417.84(元)。

解析:

【解析:这个公式表示的是月末结存材料的实际成本=月末结存材料的计划成本+月末材料应该承担的材料成本差异额,因为是节约差,所以计算的时候应该用负数表示。月末结存材料的计划成本总额=40 000+10 000+59 600-70 000=39 600(元); 同理结存的材料成本差异额=-504.16+600-600+322=-182.16(元),所以最后月末结存材料的实际成本应该为39 600-182.16=39 417.84(元)。】

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

    I first met Windy, a six-year-old girl, on the beach near where I lived. Every time when I felt unhappy, I

drove to the beach. She was building sand house or something else there. She looked up, her eyes were as blue

as the sea.

    "Hello." She said. I answered, but didn't really want to stop her."I'm building." she said again. I saw that.

"What is it?" I asked her."Oh, I don't know. I just like the feeling of the sand."

    Oh, that's good, I thought, and took off my shoes to join her. A sandpiper (一种水鸟) flew by. She told me

that it would make me happy. I felt better then.

    On my next visit, I learned that Windy lived in a summer cottage (小屋) and didn't go to school, even though

it was winter. Soon after, my mother died, and I rushed to the beach to be alone. I didn't want to say anything

when Windy came up to me."Why?" she asked.

    I turned to her and shouted, "Because my mother died!" "Oh," she said quietly, "then today is a bad day."

    A month later, I went to the beach but couldn't find Windy. I missed her so much that I visited her house. I

learned that Windy had died of leukemia (白血病), but left a picture of a sandpiper for me, to make me happy.

1. The writer drove to the beach because _________. [ ]

A. a six-year-old girl lived near there

B. Windy's eyes were as blue as the sea

C. she didn't feel happy

2. The writer felt better _________. [ ]

A. because she took off her shoes

B. when she stopped the girl from playing

C. after she learned that a sandpiper would bring her joy

3. On her next visit to the beach, the writer learned ________. [ ]

A. that the girl's name was Windy 

B. how to build a summer cottage

C. that Windy didn't go to school

4. Why did the writer rush to the beach soon after? Because ________. [ ]

A. her mother died

B. she wanted to be alone

C. she thought Windy must be there

5. Why did Windy left a picture of a sandpiper for the writer? Because she thought that _________. [ ]

A. the writer liked the sandpiper

B. it would make the writer happy

C. the writer missed her

单项选择题