问题 问答题

(一)


[背景资料]


某大型工程,由于技术难度大,对施工单位的施工设备和同类工程施工经验要求比较高,而且对工期的要求比较紧迫。业主在对有关单位和在建工程考察的基础上,邀请了3家国有一级施工企业投标,通过正规的开标评标后,择优选择了其中一家作为中标单位,并与其签订了工程施工承包合同,承包工作范围包括土建、机电安装和装修工程。该工程共15层,采用框架结构,开工日期为2002年4月1日,合同工期为18个月。在施工过程,发生如下几项事件:
事件1:2002年4月,在基础开挖过程中,个别部位实际土质与甲方提供的地质资料不符造成施工费用增加2.5万元,相应工序持续时间增加了4天。
事件2:2002年5月施工单位为保证施工质量,扩大基础地面,开挖量增加导致费用增加3万元,相应工序持续时间增加了3天。
事件3:2002年8月份,进入雨季施工,恰逢20天大雨,造成停工损失2.5万元,工期增加了4天。
事件4:2003年2月份,在主体砌筑工程中,因施工图设计有误,实际工程量增加导致费用增加3.8万元,相应工序持续时间增加了2天。
事件5:外墙装修抹灰阶段,一抹灰工在五层贴抹灰用的分格条时,脚手板滑脱发生坠落事故,坠落过程中将首层兜网系结点冲开,撞在一层脚手架小横杆上,抢救无效死亡。
事件6:室内装修进行墙面涂料粉刷前,在检查装饰面基层时,发现墙面抹灰有大面积空鼓现象。
上述事件中,除第三项外,其他工序均未发生在关键线路上,并对总工期无影响。

施工单位对施工过程中发生的事件1、事件2、事件3、事件4可否索赔为什么

答案

参考答案:事件1中费用索赔成立,工期不予延长。因为业主提供的地质资料与实际情况不符是承包商不可预见的,所以索赔成立;从提供的背景资料看,因为事件1未发生在关键线路上,所以工期不予延长。
事件2中费用索赔不成立,工期索赔不成立,该工作属于承包商自己采取的质量保证措施。
事件3中费用索赔不成立,工期可以延长,因为异常的气候条件的变化承包商不应得到费用补偿。
事件4中费用索赔成立,工期不予延长。因为设计方案有误,所以费用索赔成立;又因为该工作未在关键线路上,所以工期不予延长。

单项选择题

In the next century we’ll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, "Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations" Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies

Probably not. Instead, we’ll reach again for a time-tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium’s most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.

Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans’ ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).

The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.

Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a "dry-ware" machine, so that we could live on without the "wet-ware" of a biological brain and body. The 20th century’s revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st century’s revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let’s turn the page now and get back to real science.

From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that()

A. the power of biotechnology is to be decentralized

B. no one is entitled to discriminate against others

C. biotechnology is nothing more than gene-mapping

D. artificial intelligence compete with a human brain

单项选择题