问题 解答题

小明上初一,他的有些同学经常不吃早餐就去上学,到了第三四节课往往会出现头晕心慌注意力不集中的现象.他所在学校的校门口外有不少卖烧烤炸串冷饮的小摊贩,许多同学喜欢光顾那里.2012年4月21日妈妈带他去医院看因生病做手术的姑姑,妈妈买了一箱夏进牛奶和一些其他营养品.小明看到牛奶箱子上写的生产日期是2012年4月1日,保质期是60天.请分析回答:

(1)妈妈给姑姑买的牛奶饮用安全吗?请说明理由.______.

(2)牛奶中的主要营养成分是蛋白质等,蛋白质除了能供能外,还能______,所以对姑姑的身体恢复有利.

(3)长期酗酒的人最先伤及的是______,从而影响______营养物质的初步消化.

(4)我们每天吃进食物主要在______中消化,此器官是吸收营养物质的主要场所,如果暴饮暴食就会增加它的负担,而影响健康.

(5)在资料中,有的同学不吃早饭就去上学,这些同学会出现头晕,心慌、乏力、注意力不集中等现象的原因是:______.

(6)目前,在我国中小学生中,“豆芽型”与“肥胖型”明显增多,分析造成这种情况的主要原因是:______.

(7)牛奶中的钙和铁属于______类营养物质,可促进青少年正常的生长发育.如果儿童时期体内缺钙,易患______.因此小明也应该多喝牛奶.

(8)从食品安全的角度出发,请你对常吃街边小摊食品的同学提一句建议:______.

答案

(1)由分析可知,食品在生产、加工、储存过程中可能改变其性质,所以购买食品时一定要注意营养成分和保质期.注意食品的生产日期和保质期,有助于判断购买的食品是否超过了保质期,因为食品中有未彻底杀灭的细菌芽孢,超过了一定的时间,在适宜的条件下,芽孢会重新形成新的细菌,细菌再大量繁殖,使得食品腐败变质.

(2)蛋白质主要作用是构成细胞的基本物质,是机体生长和修复受损组织的原料.

(3)醉酒会严重危害人的身体健康,喝的酒首先进入人的消化系统,然后由胃来吸收,胃是消化系统中最膨大的部分,胃内有胃黏膜,由一层上皮细胞构成,酒属辣性,会损伤胃黏膜,严重的会导致胃穿孔、胃出血而危及生命.其次酒精还会通过循环系统进入其他地方,间接地引起肝脏、神经系统等方面的疾病.可见经常酗酒的人,受到最直接伤害的是胃.

(4)小肠是消化和吸收的主要场所,如果暴饮暴食就会增加它的负担,而影响健康.

(5)在资料中,有的同学不吃早饭就去上学,这些同学会出现头晕,心慌、乏力、注意力不集中等现象,这是缺乏营养的表现.

(6)合理膳食必须符合个体生长发育和生理状况等的需要,含有人体所需要的各种营养成分,含量适当,比例适中,以全面满足身体需要,维持正常生理功能,促进生长发育和健康,这样的膳食才能符合均衡膳食的要求.根据平衡膳食宝塔,均衡的摄取五类食物,不能以每某一种为主.合理营养还包括合理的用膳制度和合理的烹调方法,烹调时要注意低盐、低脂肪,并少放味精等.

(7)人体对无机盐的需要量不大,但作用却很大,含钙、铁的无机盐可促进青少年正常的生长发育.如果儿童时期体内缺钙,易患佝偻病,中老年人和妇女缺钙易患骨质疏松.缺铁易患贫血.

(8)传染病是指由病原体引起的,能够在人与人之间、人与动物之间传播的疾病,具有传染性和流行性的特点,依据传播途径的不同,人类传染病可分为四类:消化道传染病、呼吸道传染病、血液传染病、体表传染病.细菌性痢疾属于消化道传染病,主要通过饮食传播,因此,平常喜欢在路边小摊吃东西的人,容易染上细菌性痢疾.

故答案为:

(1)不安全,因为过了保质期

(2)构成细胞

(3)胃;蛋白质

(4)小肠

(5)缺乏营养

(6)没有合理膳食

(7)无机盐;佝偻病

(8)注意食品安全

阅读理解

阅读理解

                                                     Organizing Yourself

     Many new students find it hard to do all the study that has to be done;they find themselves putting

off reading assignment, jumping from one subject to another and rarely being quite certain what they are

trying to do during a particular study session.The best way to overcome these difficulties and to start

studying efficiently is to plan your time and organize your work.Let us suppose that you have 15 hours

per week of classes and that you decide to allow yourself a 40hour working week (a reasonable figure,

leaving you 70 waking hours for other activities).

     You now have to decide how to divide the remaining 25 hours of private study.Naturally the decisions you make will change from week to week according to what essays have to be written and what reading

has to be done.Many people find it helpful to draw up each week a sevenday timetable showing the

occasions on which they will be working privately and the particular subjects that will be studying on

each occasion.By checking such a plan at times during the week, you can see what you have done and

what you have still to do:the whole plan becomes more manageable.There are a number of places where

you can study college library, public library, home, empty classrooms, on bus or train and each has

several obvious advantages and disadvantages.The college library is least busy in the evening, on

Wednesday afternoon, and all day Friday and Saturday.

     When you are deciding where to study, keep the following suggestions in mind:

1. Try to study always in the same place.After a while the familiar surroundings will help you to switch 

     into the right frame of mind as soon as you sit down.

2. Find somewhere with as few distractions as possible.

3. Make sure that your study place has a good light and is warm (but not hot) and well aired.

1. What's the main idea of this passage?

A. Plan your time and organize your work.

B. Overcome your difficulties.

C. Be certain what you can do.

D. Find a quiet place for study.

2. A student's organization of his work will need to change according to________.

A. how many hours he is awake

B. how many subjects are required

C. how many lectures he misses

D. what he has to write and read that week

3.  A student is advised to make a weekly plan and to check it from time to time in order to________.

A. see whether he has calculated it properly

B. see what day of the week is

C. see what work still needs doing

D. see how he feels at the whole week

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a place where you can study?

A. The bus.  

B. The train.

C. Home.  

D. A public house.

单项选择题