问题 名词解释

价值澄清法

答案

参考答案:

或者叫价值中立,是指教师在教育的过程中对学生的价值取向并不做明确的引导,仅仅把每一种价值观念的来龙去脉、前因后果向学生澄清。价值澄清法是20世纪五六十年代由路易斯•拉思斯、梅里尔哈明、悉尼西蒙等加以发展的一种道德教育方法体系,是在人本主义“自由选择”基础之上发展起来的教学方法。由于现代社会变动复杂,压力来自于社会各个方面,使许多人迷惘,弄不清价值,找不到有意义的生活。价值澄清法旨在协助儿童察觉自己和他人的价值来确立活动的目的,具备批判思考能力。价值澄清法的前提是“任何人都没有正确的价值可以传达给他人”,强调依靠自身智慧决定个人行为目的,自动地采取行动改变环境。其步骤为:

(1)选择。

(2)赞赏。

(3)采取行动。价值澄清法与传统教学预定“正确价值”,以示范、说服和设定规则、限制选择的做法大不相同,也不主张激励或诉诸良心的活动,以及某种旨在促进社会确认价值的教育,反对外力的推销、鞭策和训练,强调个体在毫无外力的影响的情况下独立选择价值和人生道路,发展独立解决复杂现实问题的能力。

阅读理解

A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office,a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining car.“Is this your car,sir?”he asked.

Paul answered,“Yes,my brother gave it to me for Christmas.”The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing?Sir,I wish…”He hesitated(犹豫),Paul thought of course he knew what the boy wanted,but what the boy said surprised him greatly.“I wish,”the boy went on,“that I could be a brother like that.”Paul looked at the boy in surprise,and then he said again,“Would you like to take a ride in my car?”“Oh yes,I’d   love to ,”the boy answered.

After a short ride,the boy turned and with his eyes shining,said,“Sir,would you mind driving in front of my house?”

Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car.But Paul was wrong again.“Will you stop where those two steps are?”the boy asked.

He ran up to the steps.Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back,but he was not coming fast.He was carrying his little crippled(残疾的)brother.He sat down on the step and pointed to the car.

“There he is,Buddy,just like I told you upstairs.His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent.And some day I’m going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about”

Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car.The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and the three began an unforgettable holiday ride.

小题1:The street urchin was very surprised when_______.

A.he met paul

B.Paul told him about the car

C.Paul received an expensive car

D.he was walking around the car小题2:From the story we can see the urchin________.

A.wished to give his brother a car

B.wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car

C.wished he could have a brother like Paul’s

D.wished Paul could be a brother like that小题3:The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house_______.

A.to show he had a rich friend

B.to show his neighbors the big car

C.to let his brother ride in the car

D.to tell his brother about his wish小题4:We can find from the story that_______.

A.the urchin wished Paul to give his car to Buddy

B.the urchin wished to have a rich brother

C.the urchin had a deep love for his brother

D.the urchin’s wish came true in the end

单项选择题