问题 单项选择题

火山爆发与减少耕地面积之间有联系吗
1982年2月底至3月,墨西哥爱尔·基琼火山爆发。据报道,这次火山爆发飞向天空的火山灰数量是观测史上数量最大的一次,这对自然界产生了重大的影响。一方面,大量的火山灰喷入空中,遮蔽了自然日光,山太阳发出的光能就会被反射回去,从而使得那些需要阳光的地球生物无法获得充足的太阳能。另一方面,由于火山灰云笼罩了整个地球,仿佛给地球盖了个天棚,这个天棚会使本来应从地球向外散发的某些能量反射回地球。结果世界各地几个典型地区产生了显著的气象变化。
1983年冬,某北极考察船在北极被困住。往常根本不会结冰的地方,这回竟结冰封冻了,甚至连前去救援的破冰船也进退不能。大量火山灰飞向天空,使空气有了大量水蒸气变成水滴的核,平时不会变成水滴的水蒸气也变成了水滴,结果造成沿海地区大量降雨,像英国、法国海岸、西班牙、葡萄牙等这样一些本来就是多雨的地区,降雨量进一步增加。伦敦降雨27天,为历史所少见。与沿海地区的多雨相反,在那些内陆地区却出现了严重的干旱。季风刮来,在沿海地带雨水就已降下,季风无法再将水分带向内陆地区,于是干燥的空气被送往内地。结果伴随着西欧沿海国家的多雨,东欧三国出现了有史以来的第一次大旱。大雨、干旱、寒冷必然会导致全世界范围的农业歉收。对气象问题颇有研究的美国拥有气象卫星,依靠这些卫星,可以对全世界的农业进行监视。所以,对于上述种种气象变化所导致的世界各地农业不振的局面,当然也是清楚的。但就在此时,美国却推出了一个减少1/3耕地面积的决定。
美国是在明知世界各地的农业将出现不景气的情况下,决定减少耕地面积的。据说在施行这一决定时,美国官方还采取一旦农民需要,立刻还给他们减少的那部分粮食的做法。毫无疑问,结果是谷物价格上涨,芝加哥的谷物市价比以往上升了1.6倍。此外,由于谷物价格的提高,农民的收入随之增多。这给与农业相关的行业,如农具、化肥、农药等也带来了新的转机。
事实上,早在1982年,美国就将粮食作为战略物资,试图禁止对苏联的出口,但结果却失败了。在爱尔·基琼火山爆发引发世界气候大变化之前,除美国外还有一些国家也具有粮食出口能力。例如,苏联从阿根廷进口粮食,就曾使美国出现大量的粮食剩余,其价格直线下降,引起农民和一部分人的不满。
世界农业大面积歉收,最具粮食出口能力的美国减少1/3的耕地面积,这使得依赖粮食进口的苏联必须花更多的外汇换取粮食。这样,1982年美国遭受的损失,又借助天气赚了回来。所以有人把美国的这一决定视为利用气象因素实现一箭多雕的绝好范例。然而,美国的决定是否真的明智和成功呢
根据上述情况,请回答下列问题:

美国政府应从以下哪个方面考虑此类决策( )

A.维护世界和平,促进人类合作

B.充分就业,物价稳定

C.国内经济稳定增长,国际收支平衡

D.以上各方面都需要考虑

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题
单项选择题

Questions 61—65 are based on Passage Two:Passage TwoAs the 21st century begins, a number of leaders in politics, education, and other professions believe that the US must adopt some new values to go along with the old traditional ones. What new values should Americans adopt This is a very difficult question to answer. Certainly, a greater value should be placed on the conservation of natural reasources; Americans should learn to use less and waste less. But conservation has never been a p value to Americans, who have believed that their country offered an endless,abundant supply of natural resources.Recently, progress has been made—more and more Americans are recycling their paper,cans,bottles,and other goods—but old wasteful habits died hard. Furthermore,the need to protect the environment may conflict with the need for jobs,as in the Northwest ,where conservationists battle lumber companies that want to cut down ancient redwood trees. A belief in the value of conservation is still compared with other American values; it can become per only as Americans see the need for it more clearly.In addition,Americans may need to place a p value on cooperation on a national scale to achieve important national objectives. The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual, maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual . It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and wellbeing of the entire country. For example ,although the majority of Americans believe that it is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit, they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally.The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Competition sometimes encourages feelings of suspicion rather than the mutual trust that is necessary for successful national cooperation.Although Americans often cooperate successfully on the local level—in neighborhood groups and churches, for example, on the national level, they may see themselves as part of an interest group that is competing with other interest groups for government funds. A request by the national government for shared sacrifice may be seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive. However, the demands for the 21st century may compel Americans to place a greater value on national cooperation to solve problems that affect them all, directly and indirectly.

The value of competition works against the spirit of national cooperation in that ().

A.it makes people not believe in the government

B.it causes people to suspect but not to trust each other

C.it makes people even unable to cooperate well on local levels

D.it encourages people to gain success through individual hard work