问题 综合题

试结合有关史实,分析说明19世纪中期资本主义世界体系是怎样形成的?并就这一时期资本主义发展对亚洲地区社会发展的影响,谈谈你对资本主义世界体系作用的认识。

答案

形成:(1)首先由英国开始的工业革命,在19世纪初以后,在法、德、美,俄等国相继展开。大机器生产的工业资本主义迅速发展,为资本主义世界体系的初步形成提供了必要的物质基础.(2)由于工业革命的推动和法国大革命的影响,资产阶级革命和改革以空前的广度开展起来.1848年欧洲革命,进一步打击了欧洲封建势力,使维也纳体系瓦解。19世纪60、70年代,美国内战,俄国废除农奴制度,日本明治维新,德、意统一,导致了资本主义制度在世界范围内的基本确立.(3)这一时期,在工业革命的推动下,资本主义列强加紧对外侵略扩张,亚非拉美大批国家和地区沦为殖民地或半殖民地,被卷入资本主义世界市场。(4)资本主义制度在世界范围内的确立和资本主义世界市场的形成,标志着资本主义世界体系的初步确立.

认识;(1)在西方资本主义侵略亚洲过程中,客观上冲击了亚洲地区落后的社会经济体制,传播了西方资本主义生产方式和思想观念,为新的生产方式的产生提供了条件.(2)西方列强侵略的目的在于占领原料产地和商品市场,因此,资本主义世界体系的初步形成,加剧了亚洲的贫困,给当地人民带来极大灾难。

本题主要考查对资本主义体系初步形成的掌握和分析、归纳、概括等能力。19世纪六七十年代,随着资产阶级革命和改革的发展,资产阶级统治在世界范围内确立;同时,资本主义列强在世界范围内扩张,亚非拉广大地区沦为资本主义列强的殖民地或半殖民地,资本主义殖民体系初步形成。二者的出现,标志着资本主义世界体系的初步形成,,回答此问题时,首先根据题目的要求,明确时间限制范围是19世纪中期。其次要明确资本主义世界体系这一历史概念的含义即资本主义世界体系除包括资本主义世界体系外,也包括世界殖民体系。在分析某—历史事件发生的原因时,首先从生产力和经济方面进行分析。资本主义世界体系的初步形成,首先是:正业革命的影响。工业革命大大增强了资本主义实力,从而为确立对世界的统治奠定了基础。再答资本主义体系的初步建立,世界殖民体系的初步建立。第二问,对资本主义世界体系作用的认识教材上有现成的答案,注意的是要用资本主义发展对亚洲地区社会发展的影响作史实来说明你对资本主义世界体系作用的认识,答题时要史论结合、观点明确。

单项选择题
阅读理解

For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.“We can do without railways” people say,as if motorcars and planes made the railways unnecessary.We all keep hearing that trains are slow,that they lose money,that they’re dying.But this is far from the truth.In these days of expensive oil,the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.If you want to carry people or goods from place to place,they’re cheaper than planes.And they have much in common with planes.A plane goes in a strange line and so does a railway.What is more,it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another.It doesn’t 1eave you as a plane does,miles and miles from the city center.It doesn’t hold you up as a car does,in endless traffic jams.And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead,the railways are very much alive.Modern railway lines give you a smooth,untroubled journey.Where else can you eat well,sleep in comfort,feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning.For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, traveling at 1 50 miles an hour and more.Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorways we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly in for the same reason.

小题1:Some people think the railways are dead for many reasons except that ______  .

A.planes and motorcars will take the place of trains

B.oil is expensive today

C.trains are slow

D.railways lose money小题2:The writer’s idea seems to be that ______  .

A.we can do without railways

B.trains have much in common with motorcars and planes

C.motorcars and planes are not as good as trains

D.trains are as good as motorcars and planes小题3:According to the writer,which of the following is NOT true?

A.It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.

B.The railway station is usually at the center of a city.

C.When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center.

D.No motorcar or plane can carry as many goods as a train does.小题4:From the underlined sentence at the end of the passage,we can infer that   .

A.1ess and less people will take planes and motorways in the future

B.the people have known that the train is better than planes and motorways

C.trains will be more popular in the future

D.nobody likes spending much money on motorways