问题 单项选择题

北京市某区城建规划局批准远山房地产企业在已经建成的住宅小区内,1号楼前的空地上新盖一栋住宅楼5号楼,与1号楼间距6米。1号楼的居民认为加盖的5号楼严重影响了1号楼居民的采光权、通风权和眺望权,2号楼、3号楼、4号楼的居民认为某区城建规划局在已经建成的小区,是已经经过总体规划后设计使用的小区,小区内的景观和布置在原来规划中已经确定了的,再次批准建房屋影响了整个小区的整体美感和布局,侵犯了他们的利益,是违法的。1号楼、2号楼、3号楼、4号楼居民对规划行为不服提起诉讼,区规划局认为5号楼与1号楼间距6米,符合城市规划法律的规定,并没有违法,另外,在规划的小区内变更规划,并不违反相应的法律,属于规划部门的依法职权。下列说法,哪一项是正确的( )

A.由于之前批准建设的小区规划是统一整体,房产商提供的规划图是对小区整体环境的承诺,小区居民也是因为看好整个规划的布局才选择购买小区的房子,现在违反以前规划建房,影响了全小区居民的合法权益,因此,整个小区的所有居民都可以提起行政诉讼
B.1号楼居民虽不拥有1号楼前空地的所有权,但是违规在这里建房,影响了居民的采光、通风、眺望等权利,因此具备原告资格;但是,2号楼、3号楼、4号楼的居民起诉的理由不能成立,因为规划可以由规划部门根据特殊情况加以调整和变更的,只要不违反法律规定。因此,2号楼、3号楼、4号楼的居民不具备原告资格
C.该行政规划行为是远山房地产企业申请的,因此只有远山房地产企业才是规划行为的相对人,而该小区的居民不是规划行为的相对人,故不具备原告资格,但是可以作为行政诉讼的第三人参加诉讼
D.人民法院审查行政规划行为的合法性,判断的关键标准还是根据是否具有直接的、具体的权利,小区的居民是否对1号楼前空地拥有合法权益,直接影响其是否.享有原告资格,小区的居民只有1号楼的居民有直接利益,因此只有1号楼的居民有权提起诉讼,小区内其他人不可以提起行政诉讼,不具有原告资格

答案

参考答案:A

解析:[考点] 行政诉讼原告资格的认定
[详解] A正确,原告要证明自己的合法权益受到侵犯,其他小区居民除了特殊情况,都是适格的行政诉讼原告。B错误,因为规划行为对小区居民的利益产生实际影响。CD错误。原告资格可分解为4项要件:(1)存在合法权益;(2)合法权益属于原告;(3)侵害已发生或必然发生;(4)侵害与被诉行政行为之间存在因果关系。《行政诉讼法》第2条规定:“公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关和行政机关工作人员的具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益,有权依照本法向人民法院提起诉讼。”根据其中的“认为”二字,得出起诉人无需证明的结论。起诉人只要声称自己是适格的原告就足够了,法院不需要做任何审查。但是《行诉解释》第27条规定:“原告对下列事项承担举证责任:(一)证明起诉符合法定条件,但被告认为原告起诉超过起诉期限的除外;……。”同样《行政诉讼证据规定》第4条第1款也规定“……起诉时,应当提供其符合起诉条件的相应的证据材料……”,从这两个司法解释都可以看出起诉人对自身的原告资格负有举证责任。有名的上海市普陀区泰山二村43户居民状告上海市普陀区国土局的案件就相当的典型。案由是国土局批准泰山二村居民委员会建造自行车棚的决定,在为居委会设定权利和义务的同时,也影响了周围43户居民在车棚建成后通风、采光、通行等相邻权,上海市普陀区法院最终受理了该案,确认了原告的资格。应该说,上海市普陀区法院在该案中对原告资格的认定是合乎行政诉讼法的,通风、采光、通行等相邻权,系43户居民自己房屋使用权的延伸,是对他人土地使用权的一种限制,在本质上相邻权属于财产权的范畴,所以公民的相邻权由于行政机关的决定而受到侵犯,是属于《行政诉讼法》第11条规定的受案范围之内的,而且也符合该法第2条关于提起诉讼的规定。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.

     Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid (电网 ). Just as a

tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system

can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.

     For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners , look for the ENERCY STAR, the

federal government's symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest

possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratia( SEER) .

     Use energy-efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of

circulating air. When used with air conditioning , fans allow you to raise the thermostat (恒温器)  and

cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms. so before you leave; tum off the ceiling fan.

     Let a  programmable  thermostat  " remember  for  you "  to automatically adjust the indoor climate

with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home

to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating

pollution all day while you are at work.

     Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and

cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.

     Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and

fixing reflective bricks on your roof.

     Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day , or fix shading equipment

to avoid  heat build-up.    Turn off  everything  not  in  use: lights, TVs, computers.  And  use fluorescent

bulbs(荧光灯),which provide bright,warm light while using

at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less beat and lasting up t0 10 times longer than

incandescent bulbs(白炽灯).

     Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If

you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon

to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than $65 per year.

    Carpool. The  average  US  commuter(乘车上班族)   could  save about $260 a year by sharing cars

twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20. 1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the

cost of gas.

1. According to the passage , the thermostat is used to_________.

A. make rooms quieter

B. control room temperature

C. turn off the air conditioner

D. reduce room air pollution

2. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages__________. 

A. planting leafy trees around your home

B. turning off the ceiling fan befo you leave your house

C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day

D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs

3. According to the passage,you can save fuel by_______.   

A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans

B. sharing cars with others on workdays

C. turning off everything not in use

D. reducing lO%  of your car trips every year

4. This passage is mainly about_________.  

A. energy-saving tips              

B. fuel-saving tips

C. do-it-yourself tips              

D. environment-protecting tips