问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Sometimes you make a wish, but when it comes, you decide you don't want it. That's what happened with

Micky's "birthday wish".

     Our family tradition is that you make a wish before you blow out the birthday candle. After he blew out the

candle, Micky told us that his wish was to win a prize in the Pine Ridge-match. We quickly told Micky, "If you

tell people your wish, your wish won't come true." So we lit the candle again, and he made another wish. Micky

and Paul were both supposed to start playing at 5:30.

     When Micky reported to the check-in table, the game organizers told him his opponent (对手) had phoned

and said he was coming late. The officials told Micky he could choose not to play and be declared the victor of

the first round of competition.

     But Micky said he didn't want to win by not playing. He wanted the experience of playing a great player.

Finally, the beast showed up. He was tall, smiling and relaxed. His serve (发球) was like lightning.  

     Micky had some good returns, but he lost quickly, 6-1, 6-0.

     We congratulated Micky on having some good returns and a few great serves. And we noted that he had

won the first game.

     "I didn't win that game," Micky said. "I think he just gave it to me at the beginning because he arrived late."

     "It was a birthday present." I said, smiling.

     "No, I refused my birthday present," Micky said. In his eyes, his "birthday present" had been the chance to

win by his opponent's being late.

     Micky ended up winning the "consolation prize (鼓励奖)" a small prize that we didn't know existed until

Micky earned it by being undefeated in the consolation bracket (档次).

     We'll' never know what Micky's second wish was-the wish he didn't share with us.

     It seems to me that no matter how many birthdays you celebrate, as long as you enjoy challenges, you will

never be "old".

1. What kind of person is Micky? [ ]

A. A person who always gives up.

B. A person who is afraid of challenges.

C. One who enjoys challenges.

D. One who is selfish.

2. Why did Micky lose the match?[ ]

A. Because he gave up a good chance.

B. Because he let the others know his birthday wish.

C. Because he was proud of himself.

D. Because his opponent played much better than him

3. The prize Micky won was _____. [ ]

A. one he had expected

B. not a well-known one

C. a famous one

D. one he thought meaningless

4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____. [ ]

A. enjoying challenges is helpful for one to keep "young"

B. one will become old as he celebrates his birthdays

C. one will stay young by continuously celebrating his birthdays

D. challenges can make one never get old

答案

1-4: CDBA

单项选择题
单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题
当代环境伦理学是一个富有开放性和包容性的新学科,形成了多种理论模式和学说。这些模式、学说既包括现代人类中心主义即浅环境论,也包括非人类中心主义即深环境论,还包括可持续发展环境伦理观。
可持续发展环境伦理观在主张人与自然和谐统一的整体价值观方面与深环境论中的环境整体主义是一致的,不同之处在于可持续发展环境伦理观在强调人与自然和谐统一的基础上,更承认人类对自然的保护作用和道德代理人的责任,以及一定社会中人类行为的环境道德规范。可持续发展环境伦理观对现代人类中心主义和非人类中心主义采取了一种整合的态度。它汲取了生命中心论、生态中心论等非人类中心主义关于“生物、生态具有内在价值”的思想,承认自然不仅具有工具价值,也具有内在价值,但又不把内在价值仅归于自然自身,而是提高为人与自然和谐统一的整体性质。这样,由于人类和自然是一个和谐统一的整体,那么,不仅是人类,还有自然,都应该得到道德关怀。另一方面,可持续发展环境伦理观在人与自然和谐统一整体价值观的基础上,承认现代人类中心主义关于人类所特有的“能动作用”,承认人类在这个统一整体中占有的“道德代理人”和环境管理者的地位。这样,就避免了非人类中心主义在实践中所带来的困难,使之更具有适用性。
承认自然的固有价值和人类的实践能动作用的基础上所形成的人与自然的整体价值观是可持续发展环境伦理观的理论基础。现代生态学和系统科学研究表明,自然界(包括人类社会在内)是一个有机整体,生命系统表现为网络格局,自然界的组成部分,从物种层次、生态系统层次到生物圈层次都是相互联系、相互作用和相互依赖的。任何生物都有内在的目的性,都以其各自的方式在整体生态关系中实现其自身的善。因此,任何生物和自然都拥有其自身的固有价值(固有价值是一种实体为获得自身的善而独立于人类评价者目的的价值)。生物和自然所拥有的固有价值应当使它们享有道德地位并获得道德关怀,成为道德顾客。可持续发展伦理观把道德共同体从人扩大到“人一自然”系统,把道德对象的范围从人类扩大到生物和自然。与此同时,由于只有人类才具有实践的能动性,才具有自觉的道德意识,才能进行道德选择和作出道德决定,所以只有人是道德主体。作为道德代理人的人类,应当珍惜和爱护生物和自然,承认它们在一种自然状态中持续存在的价值。因此,人类具有自觉维护生物和自然的责任。

根据全文的信息,以下分析正确的一项是______。

A.关于“生物、生态具有内在价值”的思想,属于生命中心论、生态中心论

B.由于人类和自然是一个和谐统一的整体,那么不光是人类,还有自然,都应该享有道德地位,成为道德主体

C.在人类特有“能动作用”方面,可持续发展环境伦理观和非现代人类中心主义二者存在交集

D.可持续发展伦理观把道德共同体从人扩大到人一自然