问题 计算题

如图所示,甲车质量为m1=2kg,静止在光滑水平面上,上表面光滑,右端放一个质量为m0=1kg的小物体,可视为质点;乙车质量为m2=4kg,以v0=5m/s的速度向左运动,与甲车碰撞,碰撞时间极短,且碰后甲车获得v1=4m/s的速度,物体滑到乙车上;若乙车足够长,上表面与物体的动摩擦因数为μ=0.2,求:

(1)碰撞后乙车的速度v2

(2)物体在乙车上滑过的痕迹长度l等于多少?

(3)从碰撞开始经过t=2s时,物体距甲车右端多远?

答案

1)略

2)

3)4.64m

解:(1)甲、乙相碰瞬间,小物体速度不变,甲、乙为系统动量守恒,以向左为正向:

                                           

得: m/s,乙碰后向左运动   (4分)

(2)小物块滑到乙车上,与乙车相对静止,令共同速度为u,

m/s,

正号说明u与正方向相同,最终共同向左运动。        (3分)

据能量转化与守恒有:

代入数据联解可得:m                                      (3分)

(3)小物块在B上匀加速到m/s时,令所用时间为t1,有:

s                                      (2分)

在此时间内小物块所运动位移:m

余下时间内小物块所运动位移:m

物体距甲车右端:m                (4分)

阅读理解

After spending years searching for a planet with life, scientists may have found one. In September 2010, a team of US scientists discovered an Earth-sized planet called Gliese 581g. It has a surface temperature neither too hot nor too cold for liquid(液态)water. Scientists think there is a chance that the planet could have life.

The planet Gliese 581g goes around a star called Gliese 581, which is about 20 light-years from Earth. That is about 194 trillion(万亿)kilometres -500 million times farther away from us than the moon.

A spacecraft traveling at a one-tenth of the speed of light would reach Gliese 581g within about 220 years. A human can’t live that long, but robotic explorers could make the job easier. However, our fastest spacecraft don’t come anywhere near that one-tenth light-speed mark.

At present, scientists don’t know what the surface might be like on Gliese 581g. What they know is that the planet is at the sight distance from its star to have liquid water. It’s also at the right distance to have an atmosphere that could protect the water if it is on the surface.

Although spacecraft won’t be getting there anytime soon, one way to look for life on Gliese 581g is to turn our radio telescopes(望远镜)towards the planet and search for radiation(放射). By studying the radiation, scientists would find out about the chemicals(化学物质)around the planet and discover it Gliese 581g has an atmosphere. If it has one, studying the atmosphere would give us a good idea if the planet has life or not. But it’ll probably be many years before we can do this properly.

People have been arguing about whether there is alien life on Gliese 581g. Any discussion about alien life is just guessing at this point, according to its discoverers.

小题1: What did scientists find in September 2010?

A.A planet with water.

B.A planet similar to the earth.

C.A planet without life.

D.A planet near the earth.小题2:According to the article, Gliese 581g ________.

A.is at the right distance from its star

B.moves around the earth

C.is as far away from us as the moon

D.can be reached in about 220 years小题3: Paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.

A.the possibility of living on Gliese 581g

B.the kinds of chemicals around Gliese 581g

C.the way of looking for life on Gliese 581g

D.the aim of studying the radiation on Gliese 581g小题4:Which of the following is the best title for the passage above?

A.Gliese 581g, a Likely Living Planet

B.Gliese 581, a Likely Living Planet

C.Gliese 581g and Its Star

D.Gliese 581g and Radiation

多项选择题